Human activities favour prolific life histories in both traded and introduced vertebrates

Species’ life histories determine population demographics and thus the probability that introduced populations establish and spread. Life histories also influence which species are most likely to be introduced, but how such ‘introduction biases’ arise remains unclear. Here, we investigate how life histories affect the probability of trade and introduction in phylogenetic comparative analyses across three vertebrate classes: mammals, reptiles and amphibians. We find that traded species have relatively high reproductive rates and long reproductive lifespans. Within traded species, introduced species have a more extreme version of this same life history profile. Species in the pet trade also have long reproductive lifespans but lack ‘fast’ traits, likely reflecting demand for rare species which tend to have slow life histories. We identify multiple species not yet traded or introduced but with life histories indicative of high risk of future trade, introduction and potentially invasion. Ou..., Please see Methods section of associated article., Please see README file.物种种生活史特征决定种群统计特性，进而决定外来引入种群定殖与扩散的概率。生活史特征同时也会影响哪些物种最易被引入，但这类“引入偏倚（introduction biases）”的形成机制仍不明确。本研究针对哺乳类、爬行类与两栖类三大脊椎动物类群开展系统发育比较分析（phylogenetic comparative analyses），探究生活史特征如何影响物种的贸易与引入概率。研究发现，参与贸易的物种通常具有较高的繁殖率与较长的繁殖寿命。在参与贸易的物种中，已被引入的物种则呈现出更为极端的同类生活史特征。宠物贸易中的物种同样具有较长的繁殖寿命，但缺乏“快速”生活史性状，这可能契合了对稀有物种的需求——这类稀有物种往往具备缓慢的生活史策略。本研究还识别出多个尚未参与贸易或被引入的物种，但其生活史特征预示其未来存在较高的贸易、引入乃至入侵风险。详见相关论文的方法部分，详见README文件。