Fabrication of cardanol-based superhydrophobic cotton fabric for highlyeffective oil-water separation

A bio-based superhydrophobic durable cotton fabric was manufactured by using a method of ultrasonic-assisted in situ growth. The hierarchical structure of cotton fibers was generated by the deposition of the hydrophobic composite nanoparticles, which derived from the hydrolysis and co-condensation of cardanol-based benzoxazine (C-aps) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). The obtained superhydrophobic surface had a water contact angle of 158.5 ± 0.2◦ with special wettability. The mechanical and environmental stability of the superhydrophobic cotton fabrics were assessed through sandpaper abrasion, ultrasound treatment, high temperature tests, acid/alkaline liquids, solution immersion, and water drop experiment.