Landscape context affects patch habitat contributions to biodiversity in agroecosystems

Effective conservation schemes are needed to advance dual objectives of biodiversity conservation and agronomic production in agricultural landscapes. Understanding how plant and arthropod taxa respond to both local habitat patch characteristics and landscape complexity is crucial for planning effective agri-environment schemes. This study investigated the relative effects of local (≤ 100 m from patch habitat center) and landscape (≤ 5 km from patch habitat center) variables on diversity of plants and arthropods within non-crop habitat patches (i) at different spatial extents ranging from 0.1 km to 5 km, while (ii) quantifying differential effects of local and landscape variables on unique components of diversity (i.e. species richness and abundance), and accounting for (iii) unique components of landscape extent (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 km radii) and complexity (i.e. landscape composition and configuration). Landscape variables were significantly correlated with local plant and arthropod ..., This landscape-scale study was conducted within large-scale wheat production systems in the Northern Great Plains. To quantify the relative importance of local and landscape variables explaining local diversity, local response variables and local explanatory variables were collected at the local scale, which was defined as ≤ 100 m from the patch habitat, or ecological refuge (ER) center. Landscape explanatory variables were extracted for spatially nested buffers at the landscape scale, which was defined as ≤ 5 km from ER center. As buffers were nested circles rather than concentric rings, larger spatial extents included smaller spatial extents. At the local spatial extent, arthropod and plant species richness and abundance were observed at 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 m from the center of the ER, which included the crop field margin. Percent cover of crop field and ER were calculated at each local spatial extent. For landscape analysis, five nested circular buffers were created around each E..., , # Landscape context affects patch habitat contributions to biodiversity in agroecosystems [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pk0p2ngww](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pk0p2ngww) Datasets include local biodiversity observations obtained from field surveys and landscape data obtained from the Cropland Data Layer (USDA, 2023). Local variables included percent cover of ecological refuge (ER) and crop field, plant species richness, plant abundance (i.e. percent cover), arthropod species richness, and arthropod abundance within 100 meters from the ER center. All data from each transect were summed by taxonomic group (plants or arthropods) across the two years of data collection, and placed in the response variable matrix for analysis. Local biodiversity datasets were analyzed using the *vegan* package in R. Landscape variable data were obtained from the Cropland Data Layer and extracted for the five landscape spatial buffers surrounding each ER using the *LandscapeMetric* package in R. Landsc...# 景观背景调控农业生态系统中斑块生境对生物多样性的贡献 为实现农业景观中生物多样性保护与农业生产的双重目标，亟需构建有效的保护方案。明晰植物与节肢动物类群对栖息地局地斑块特征及景观复杂度的响应机制，是规划高效农业环境计划的核心前提。本研究聚焦非作物生境斑块内的植物与节肢动物多样性，探究局地（距斑块生境中心≤100米）与景观尺度（距斑块生境中心≤5千米）变量的相对影响，具体涵盖三方面内容：(i) 分析0.1千米至5千米不同空间尺度下的多样性响应特征；(ii) 量化局地与景观变量对多样性独特组分（即物种丰富度与多度）的差异化效应；(iii) 明确景观尺度范围（0.1、0.5、1、2及5千米半径）与景观复杂度（即景观组成与配置）的独特影响。景观变量与局地植物及节肢动物群落显著相关…… 本项景观尺度研究于北美大平原北部的大规模小麦生产系统中开展。为量化解释局地多样性的局地与景观变量的相对重要性，研究在局地尺度（定义为距生态庇护所（ecological refuge, ER）中心≤100米）采集局地响应变量与解释变量。景观解释变量则基于空间嵌套缓冲区提取，景观尺度定义为距ER中心≤5千米。由于缓冲区为嵌套圆形而非同心环，更大的空间尺度会涵盖更小的空间尺度。在局地空间尺度上，研究于距ER中心20、40、60、80及100米处开展调查，涵盖农田边缘，记录了节肢动物与植物的物种丰富度及多度。在每个局地空间尺度下，均计算了农田与ER的盖度百分比。针对景观分析，研究为每个ER创建了五个嵌套圆形缓冲区…… [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pk0p2ngww](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pk0p2ngww) 本数据集包含野外调查获取的局地生物多样性观测数据，以及源自耕地数据层（Cropland Data Layer，美国农业部，2023）的景观数据。局地变量包括生态庇护所（ER）与农田的盖度百分比、ER中心100米范围内的植物物种丰富度、植物多度（即盖度百分比）、节肢动物物种丰富度及节肢动物多度。所有样带数据按分类群（植物或节肢动物）于两年调查周期内求和后，纳入响应变量矩阵用于分析。局地生物多样性数据集采用R语言中的*vegan*包进行分析。景观变量数据源自耕地数据层，并通过R语言中的*LandscapeMetric*包提取每个ER周边的五个景观空间缓冲区内的相关数据。景观……