Data from: Host dispersal responses to resource supplementation determine pathogen spread in wildlife metapopulations

Many wildlife species occupy landscapes that vary in the distribution, abundance, and quality of food resources. Increasingly, urbanized and agricultural habitats provide supplemental food resources that can have profound consequences for host distributions, movement patterns, and pathogen exposure. Understanding how host and pathogen dispersal across landscapes is affected by the spatial extent of food-supplemented habitats is therefore important for predicting the consequences for pathogen spread and impacts on host occupancy. Here we develop a generalizable metapopulation model to understand how the relative abundance of provisioned habitats across the landscape, and host dispersal responses to provisioning and infection, influence patch occupancy by hosts and their pathogens. We find that pathogen invasion and landscape-level infection prevalence are greatest when provisioning increases patch attractiveness and disperser production and when infection has minimal costs on dispersal success. Alternatively, if provisioning promotes site fidelity or reduces disperser production, increasing the fraction of food-supplemented habitats can reduce landscape-scale infection prevalence and minimize disease-induced declines in host occupancy. This work highlights the importance of considering how resources and infection jointly influence host dispersal for predicting how changing resource distributions influence the spread of infectious diseases.诸多野生动物类群栖息于食物资源分布、丰度及质量均存在异质性的景观之中。日益增多的城市化与农业生境可为宿主提供补充食物资源，这会对宿主的分布、活动模式以及病原体暴露风险产生深远影响。因此，明晰食物补充生境的空间范围如何影响宿主与病原体在景观中的扩散过程，对于预测病原体传播的后果及其对宿主斑块占用（patch occupancy）的影响至关重要。本研究构建了一个通用可推广的集合种群模型（metapopulation model），用以探究景观中补充食物生境的相对丰度，以及宿主对食物补充与病原体感染的扩散响应，如何影响宿主及其病原体的斑块占用。研究结果表明，当食物补充提升了斑块吸引力与扩散个体的产生量，且感染对扩散成功率的代价极小之时，病原体入侵（pathogen invasion）与景观尺度感染流行率（infection prevalence）将达到峰值。反之，若食物补充促进了宿主的生境位点忠诚度（site fidelity）或降低了扩散个体的产生量，那么提升食物补充生境的占比，反而会降低景观尺度的感染流行率，并最大程度缓解疾病导致的宿主斑块占用下降。本研究凸显了在预测资源分布变化如何影响传染病传播时，需同时考量资源可获得性与病原体感染如何共同作用于宿主扩散过程的重要性。