IBA analyses on ancient glass from Sarmizegetusa Regia, Romania (1st c. AD) (Metadata RADIATE TA Proposal 20002031-ST)

Proposal title "IBA analyses on ancient glass from Sarmizegetusa Regia, Romania (1st c. AD)". Measurements carried out at the external beam set-up for cultural heritage of the INFN LABEC accelerator laboratory, from 7 till 10 November 2022. Hands-on mode. A 3 MeV proton beam was extracted through a Si3N4 window into ambient pressure. Two SDD detectors were used for the measurement of characteristic X rays and a HPGe detector was employed for the quantitative analysis of the prompt gamma rays emitted by 23 Na nuclei. The PIXE-PIGE measurements were performed on 38 glass fragments discovered at Sarmizegetusa, Hunedoara county, Romania and on 45 glass items unearthed at Poiana, Galaţi county, Romania. The archaeological vessel fragments were loosely dated to 1st c. AD They were excavated in two Geto Dacian archaeological sites of high relevance for the historians. Most of the measurements were made on tiny areas polished with SiC paper before the experiment, to ensure the determination of the pristine glass composition. Additional measurements were performed on some fresh surfaces, as some shards broke unwillingly during the excavations. Some samples exhibited painted decorations or they were made of glass of various colours, hence more spectra. Several certified reference materials (glass standards NIST 610, NIST 1412 and BCR 126A) were measured as well, to assess the accuracy of the results.提案标题：《罗马尼亚萨尔米泽杰图萨雷吉亚出土古代玻璃的离子束分析（Ion Beam Analysis，IBA，公元1世纪）》。本次实验于2022年11月7日至10日在意大利国家核物理研究所（INFN）LABEC加速器实验室的文化遗产专用外束实验装置上开展，采用实操模式。实验过程中，通过氮化硅（Si₃N₄）窗口将3 MeV质子束引出至常压环境；采用两台硅漂移探测器（Silicon Drift Detector，SDD）测量特征X射线，同时使用一台高纯锗探测器（High Purity Germanium，HPGe）对钠-23（²³Na）原子核发射的瞬发γ射线进行定量分析。本研究采用质子诱导X射线发射-质子诱导γ射线发射（Proton Induced X-ray Emission-Proton Induced Gamma-ray Emission，PIXE-PIGE）分析方法，对罗马尼亚胡内多阿拉县萨尔米泽杰图萨出土的38件玻璃碎片，以及罗马尼亚加拉茨县波亚纳出土的45件玻璃器物完成了检测。这批考古玻璃器物碎片的大致年代被判定为公元1世纪，它们发掘自两处对历史学研究具有重要价值的盖托-达契亚（Geto-Dacian）考古遗址。为确保获取原始玻璃的成分信息，大部分检测区域在实验前使用碳化硅（SiC）砂纸进行了抛光处理。由于部分器物碎片在发掘过程中意外断裂，因此对部分新鲜断裂面开展了补充检测。部分样品带有彩绘装饰，或由不同颜色的玻璃制成，因此额外采集了更多能谱数据。为评估检测结果的准确性，研究团队同时对若干有证标准物质（玻璃标准参考物质NIST 610、NIST 1412及BCR 126A）开展了检测。