Artificial intelligence in dentistry

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the branch of engineering that allows us to develop computer programs and devices that behave intelligently like humans. AI helps to create and emulate models based on human-brain neuronal interactions using a simple neural network composed of electrical circuits. Robotics, machine learning, decision trees (DT), convolutional neural networks (CNN), and artificial neural networks (ANNs) are some common components of AI tools utilized in healthcare, including dentistry. AI-based tools are employed for diagnosis and treatment planning, conducting surgical procedures, managing patient data, education, and forensic dentistry. AI and robotics are also being applied in dental education for students and patients, interpreting dental radiographs for diagnosing dental caries, periodontal diseases, bone destruction patterns, orthodontic wire and appliance fabrication, and crown preparation. AI-based tools facilitate minimally invasive surgical procedures such as scaling, periodontal surgery, implant placement, tooth extraction, and orthodontic and orthognathic procedures. Robots (including microrobots and robotic arms) are additionally used for biofilm removal and for placing dental implants with precision and accuracy.