data for the northern Bohai Bay, China

Sampling stations of surface sediments in the northern Bohai Bay, including geographic coordinates, water depth, total organic carbon (TOC), critical erosion shear stress (τc, N m⁻²), clay mineral composition, grain-size distribution, and mean grain size. Also shown are sample depths (≤40 m below the seafloor), methane concentrations, and methane carbon isotopic compositions from the DZ1 geological borehole.渤海湾北部表层沉积物采样站位数据集，涵盖地理坐标、水深、总有机碳（total organic carbon, TOC）、临界侵蚀剪应力（τc, N·m⁻²）、黏土矿物组成、粒度分布及平均粒径。同时包含DZ1地质钻孔的沉积物样深度（海底以下≤40米）、甲烷浓度与甲烷碳同位素组成数据。