Data from: Post-release survival of marine gastropods: a review

Marine gastropods support important artisanal, cultural, and commercial fisheries. However, overexploitation of abalone, conch, topshell, and limpets has resulted in population declines globally, with numerous species on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Various efforts to supplement existing populations by either translocating wild or releasing hatchery-produced stock have suffered from low survival. To understand predictors influencing post-release survival, we conducted a systematic review and quantitative synthesis of literature on marine gastropod releases. Our global review identified 88 studies (575 unique release events) across 18 species. A similar number of releases were conducted in tropical (52%) and temperate (48%) regions, although most release events involved either Haliotidae (57%) or Strombidae (26%). Most releases used hatchery-produced stock (77%), highlighting the prominent role of aquaculture. For seven species with sufficient data, we tested the effect of time since release, stock origin (hatchery, translocated), size at release, and density on post-release apparent survival (referred to as ‘survival’ hereafter), where applicable. Survival declined through time regardless of species. Hatchery-produced and translocated Haliotis fulgens had similar survival post-release, but hatchery-produced Aliger gigas had lower survival probability than translocated stock. Size at release increased survival probability for only two (Haliotis discus and A. gigas) of the seven species. Similarly, density had no effect on the post-release survival of Haliotis rubra, Haliotis rufescens, and A. gigas. Overall, we found low long-term predicted survival across the seven species. Our findings highlight that overcoming low post-release survival is a significant hurdle when rehabilitating depleted stocks of marine gastropods. This data set is in support of the article published with the same title in Biological Conservation (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111153)海洋腹足类（marine gastropods）支撑着重要的手工渔业、文化捕捞活动与商业渔业。然而，对鲍鱼、海螺、钟螺以及帽贝的过度捕捞已导致全球范围内的种群衰退，诸多物种被列入国际自然保护联盟（International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN）濒危物种红色名录。此前通过移捕野生种群或放归人工繁育个体以补充现有种群的各类尝试，均因放归后存活率偏低而收效甚微。为明确影响放归后存活率的预测因子，我们针对海洋腹足类放归相关文献开展了系统综述与定量整合分析。本次全球范围的综述共纳入18个物种的88项研究（共计575次独立放归事件）。尽管多数放归事件涉及鲍科（Haliotidae，57%）或凤螺科（Strombidae，26%）物种，但热带（52%）与温带（48%）区域的放归事件数量相近。多数放归采用人工繁育个体（77%），凸显了水产养殖业在其中的重要作用。针对数据充足的7个物种，我们在可行条件下检验了放归后时长、种群来源（人工繁育或移捕野生）、放归个体规格以及放归密度对放归后表观存活率（下文简称“存活率”）的影响。无论物种类别如何，存活率均随放归后时长增加而下降。人工繁育的绿鲍（Haliotis fulgens）与移捕野生的绿鲍放归后存活率相近，但人工繁育的大凤螺（Aliger gigas）存活率显著低于移捕野生的个体。仅7个物种中的2个（盘鲍Haliotis discus与大凤螺Aliger gigas）的放归个体规格可提升存活率。同样，放归密度对红鲍（Haliotis rubra）、红褐鲍（Haliotis rufescens）以及大凤螺Aliger gigas的放归后存活率无显著影响。整体而言，7个物种的长期预测存活率均处于较低水平。本研究结果表明，在修复枯竭的海洋腹足类种群时，解决放归后存活率偏低的问题是一项重大挑战。本数据集支撑了发表于《Biological Conservation》的同名论文（https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111153）