Data from: Pollinator identity and spatial isolation influence multiple paternity in an annual plant

The occurrence and extent of multiple paternity is an important component of variation in plant mating dynamics. However, links between pollinator activity and multiple paternity are generally lacking, especially for plant species that attract functionally diverse floral visitors. In this study, we separated the influence of two functionally distinct floral visitors (hawkmoths and solitary bees) and characterized their impacts on multiple paternity in a self-incompatible, annual forb, Oenothera harringtonii (Onagraceae). We also situated pollinator-mediated effects in a spatial context by linking variation in multiple paternity to variation in plant spatial isolation. We documented pronounced differences in the number of paternal sires as function of pollinator identity: on average, the primary pollinator (hawkmoths) facilitated mating with nearly twice as many pollen donors relative to the secondary pollinator (solitary bees). This effect was consistent for both isolated and non-isolated individuals, but spatial isolation imposed pronounced reductions on multiple paternity regardless of pollinator identity. Considering that pollinator abundance and pollen dispersal distance did not vary significantly with pollinator identity, we attribute variation in realized mating dynamics primarily to differences in pollinator morphology and behavior as opposed to pollinator abundance or mating incompatibility arising from underlying spatial genetic structure. Our findings demonstrate that functionally distinct pollinators can have strongly divergent effects on polyandry in plants and further suggest that both pollinator identity and spatial heterogeneity have important roles in plant mating dynamics.多父本现象（multiple paternity）的发生及其程度是植物交配动态变异的重要组成部分。然而，目前学界对传粉者活动与多父本现象之间的关联研究仍较为匮乏，针对吸引功能多样的花部访客（floral visitors）的植物类群而言尤其如此。本研究针对自交不亲和（self-incompatible）型一年生草本（annual forb）植物哈氏月见草（Oenothera harringtonii，柳叶菜科Onagraceae），分离两种功能迥异的花部访客——长喙天蛾（hawkmoths）与独居蜂（solitary bees）的影响，并解析二者对其多父本现象的作用特征。此外，本研究将传粉者介导的效应置于空间背景下，通过将多父本现象的变异与植物空间隔离程度的变化进行关联分析。研究结果显示，父本数量因传粉者种类不同呈现显著差异：作为主要传粉者的长喙天蛾所介导的交配中，花粉供体（pollen donors）的平均数量几乎是次要传粉者独居蜂的两倍。该效应在空间隔离个体与非隔离个体中均保持一致，但无论传粉者种类如何，空间隔离均会显著降低多父本现象的发生水平。鉴于传粉者丰度（pollinator abundance）与花粉扩散距离（pollen dispersal distance）均未随传粉者种类呈现显著差异，我们认为，实际交配动态的变异主要源于传粉者形态与行为的差异，而非传粉者丰度或由潜在空间遗传结构（spatial genetic structure）引发的交配不亲和性。本研究结果证实，功能分化的传粉者可对植物的多父本交配（polyandry）产生截然不同的影响，同时进一步表明，传粉者种类与空间异质性（spatial heterogeneity）均在植物交配动态中发挥关键作用。