NOAA-Navy Sanctuary Soundscape Monitoring Project, Blue Whale Sound Production, Gray's Reef, SanctSound_GR03_02_bluewhale_1d

NOAA and the U.S. Navy are working to better understand underwater sound within the U.S. National Marine Sanctuary System. From 2018 to 2021, these agencies will work with numerous scientific partners to study sound within seven national marine sanctuaries and one marine national monument, which includes waters off Hawai'i and the east and west coasts. Standardized measurements will assess sounds produced by marine animals, physical processes (e.g., wind and waves), and human activities. Collectively, this information will help NOAA and the Navy measure sound levels and baseline acoustic conditions in sanctuaries. This work is a continuation of ongoing Navy and NOAA research, including efforts by NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries This dataset represents the derived products from the raw acoustic data that are archived at NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.
abstract=This record represents blue whale sound production detected from raw passive acoustic data. The Low Frequency Detection and Classification System (LFDCS) call library for blue whales was built for the data sampled at 120 Hz, and created for A, B, and AB phrases. All detections with a Mahalanobis distance of 5.0 or less were manually screened. Daily presence for blue whales was confirmed if there were three song phrases visible, including at least one true detection. Only accepting detections when three or more phrases occurred ensured our confidence in blue whale song presence. These data were recorded at SanctSound Site GR03_02 between May 02, 2019 and September 09, 2019.
acknowledgement=This project received funding from the U.S. Navy.
cdm_data_type=TimeSeries
citation=Cite as: NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries and U.S Navy. 2021. Blue Whale Sound Production Recorded at SanctSound Site GR03_02, SanctSound Data Products. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Accessed [date]. DOI: https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.25921/zvhg-kz87
comment=Data quality: A 20 Hz high pass filter is integrated into the instrument; thus, data below 20 Hz is reduced in ampitude and uncalibrated. The first 4 hour file was missing after turning on the instrument; thus the delay in data after deployment. Gap in data from 2019-07-06 16:00:41 UTC to 2019-07-06 16:05:54 UTC. Weird noise after card switch was removed from 2019-07-06 16:05:54 - 16:05:57 (3 sec extra removed). The fixed hydrophone mooring was moved after an interaction with something to a different habitat on June 13th, 2019. The fixed hydrophone mooring was impacted by Hurricane Dorian on September 4th, 2019, where the instrument was further moved. Hydrophone was found about 30 ft from original site at N 31 22.051, W -80 53.694. Reductions in sound levels (received levels) in frequencies above 1 kHz were observed after 21:20:00 13-June-2019 and were further observed after 15:47:00 4-September-2019. Levels may differ from what would be expected if the hydrophone was not moved or impacted by the two hurricanes.

contributor_name=Simone Baumann-Pickering, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Leila Hatch, NOAA Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary; John Joseph, U.S. Naval Postgraduate School; Anke Kuegler, Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa; Marc Lammers, NOAA Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary; Tetyana Margolina, U.S. Naval Postgraduate School; Karlina Merkens, NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Lindsey Peavey Reeves, NOAA Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary; Timothy Rowell, NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center; Jenni Stanley, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Alison Stimpert, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories; Sofie Van Parijs, NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center; Eden Zang,NOAA Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary
contributor_role=Principal Investigator
Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
featureType=TimeSeries
geospatial_bounds=POINT (31.36749 -80.895)
history=All acoustic data were processed using the Low Frequency Detection and Classification System (LFDCS; Baumgartner and Mussoline, 2011), which creates conditioned spectrograms using a short-time Fourier transform with a data frame of 512 samples and 75% overlap (80% overlap for the 120 Hz decimated data (blue and fin whales)), resulting in a time step of 64 ms and frequency resolution of 3.9 Hz (for 120 Hz data: 853 ms time step and 0.23 Hz frequency resolution). After tracing contour lines, or “pitch tracks”, through tonal sounds, the program uses multivariate discriminant function analysis to classify the pitch tracks into species-specific call types based on a call library. Each detection is assigned a Mahalanobis distance (MD), which measures the deviation of a sound’s pitch track from the assigned call type (see Baumgartner and Mussoline (2011) for a more complete description). A lower MD indicates a closer match to the assigned call type. For a well-developed call type in the LFDCS (i.e., the seven attributes used in the discriminant function analysis are multivariate normal), 75% of pitch-tracks for the call type will have a MD of 3.0 or less (Baumgartner et al., 2013). Setting a MD threshold is necessary to minimize the false detection rates, but in doing so causes some true detections to be missed in the analysis. The MD threshold of 3.0 was chosen for all vocalizations detected and classified in the humpback, sei, and fin whale call library. However, for blue whales, false detection rates were lower than any of the other species, thus a MD of 5.0 was chosen to decrease the probability of missing true detections. All LFDCS detections were manually reviewed by trained acoustic analysts to determine daily presence of each of the four baleen whale species. A true detection was defined as a pitch track that correctly classified a call or song unit to the species that produced it (Bonnell et al., 2016). Given the variability of each species' call type, the specific methodology to determine daily acoustic presence was different for each species. The LFDCS call library for blue whales was built for the data sampled at 120 Hz, and created for A, B, and AB phrases (as described by Mellinger and Clark (2003); Figure 2d). All detections with a MD of 5.0 or less were manually screened. Daily presence for blue whales was confirmed if there were three song phrases visible, including at least one true detection. Only accepting detections when three or more phrases occurred ensured our confidence in blue whale song presence. Data were processed with LFDCS
id=http://doi.org/10.25921/zvhg-kz87
infoUrl=https://ncei.noaa.gov
institution=NOAA
instrument=SoundTrap ST500
keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords
naming_authority=NOAA-Navy
project=NOAA-Navy Sanctuary Soundscape Monitoring Project
sourceUrl=(local files)
standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v55

{'abstract': '国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）与美国海军携手致力于深入理解美国国家海洋保护区系统内的水下声音。自2018年至2021年，这些机构将与众多科学合作伙伴合作，研究七个国家海洋保护区和一处海洋国家纪念区的声音，包括夏威夷群岛以及东、西海岸的水域。标准化的测量将评估海洋动物、物理过程（如风和波浪）以及人类活动产生的声音。汇总这些信息将有助于NOAA和海军测量保护区内的声音水平和声学基准条件。这项工作是对海军和NOAA持续研究的延续，包括国家海洋保护区办公室的努力。该数据集代表了存档在国家海洋和大气管理局国家环境信息中心的原始声学数据的派生产品。', 'acknowledgement': '本项目得到了美国海军的资助。', 'cdm_data_type': '时间序列', 'citation': '引用格式：NOAA国家海洋保护区办公室和美国海军。2021年。在SanctSound站点GR03_02记录的蓝鲸声音生产，SanctSound数据产品。NOAA国家环境信息中心。访问日期。[DOI：https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.25921/zvhg-kz87]', 'comment': '数据质量：仪器中集成了20 Hz高通滤波器；因此，低于20 Hz的数据幅度降低且未校准。仪器开启后，缺失了前4小时的文件；因此数据部署后的延迟。2019年7月6日16:00:41 UTC至2019年7月6日16:05:54 UTC之间存在数据缺失。2019年7月6日16:05:54 - 16:05:57（额外3秒噪音已移除）之后出现了奇怪的噪音。2019年6月13日，固定式水听器浮标在与某物的相互作用后移至另一个栖息地。2019年9月4日，固定式水听器浮标受到飓风多里安的影响，仪器进一步移动。水听器在N 31 22.051，W -80 53.694处被找到，距离原始位置约30英尺。在2019年6月13日之后，观察到1 kHz以上频率的声音水平（接收水平）下降，在2019年9月4日之后进一步观察到。如果水听器未移动或未受两次飓风的影响，水平可能会有所不同。', 'contributor_name': 'Simone Baumann-Pickering，斯克里普斯海洋研究所；Leila Hatch，NOAA Stellwagen Bank国家海洋保护区；John Joseph，美国海军研究生院；Anke Kuegler，夏威夷大学海洋生物学研究所；Marc Lammers，NOAA夏威夷群岛座头鲸国家海洋保护区；Tetyana Margolina，美国海军研究生院；Karlina Merkens，NOAA太平洋岛屿渔业科学中心；Lindsey Peavey Reeves，NOAAChannel Islands国家海洋保护区；Timothy Rowell，NOAA东北渔业科学中心；Jenni Stanley，伍兹霍尔海洋研究所；Alison Stimpert，莫斯兰丁海洋实验室；Sofie Van Parijs，NOAA东北渔业科学中心；Eden Zang，NOAA夏威夷群岛座头鲸国家海洋保护区', 'contributor_role': '主要研究员', 'Conventions': 'COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3', 'featureType': '时间序列', 'geospatial_bounds': '点 (31.36749 -80.895)', 'history': '所有声学数据均使用低频检测和分类系统（LFDCS；Baumgartner和Mussoline，2011）进行处理，该系统通过短时傅里叶变换和具有512个样本和75%重叠的数据窗口（120 Hz降采样数据为80%重叠）创建条件谱图，结果为64 ms的时间步长和3.9 Hz的频率分辨率（对于120 Hz数据：853 ms时间步长和0.23 Hz频率分辨率）。通过在音调声音中追踪轮廓线或“音调轨迹”，程序使用多元判别函数分析将音调轨迹分类为特定物种的叫声类型，基于叫声库。每个检测都被分配一个马氏距离（MD），该距离衡量声音的音调轨迹与分配的叫声类型的偏差（参见Baumgartner和Mussoline（2011）以获取更完整的描述）。较低的MD表明与分配的叫声类型更接近。对于LFDCS中发育良好的叫声类型（即，用于判别函数分析的七个属性是多元正态分布），该叫声类型的75%的音调轨迹将具有3.0或更低的MD（Baumgartner等，2013）。设置MD阈值是必要的，以最大限度地减少误检率，但在这样做的同时，会导致分析中遗漏一些真实的检测。对于所有检测到的和分类的叫声，选择了3.0的MD阈值。然而，对于蓝鲸，误检率低于其他任何一种物种，因此选择了5.0的MD来降低遗漏真实检测的概率。所有LFDCS检测均由受过培训的声学分析师手动审查，以确定四种须鲸物种中每种的每日存在情况。真实检测被定义为正确将叫声或歌曲单元分类为产生该声音的物种的音调轨迹（Bonnell等，2016）。鉴于每种物种叫声类型的可变性，确定每日声学存在的方法对于每种物种都是不同的。为120 Hz采样的数据构建了蓝鲸LFDCS叫声库，并创建了A、B和AB短语（如Mellinger和Clark（2003）所述；图2d）。对所有MD为5.0或更低的检测进行了手动筛选。如果可见三个歌曲短语，包括至少一个真实检测，则确认蓝鲸的每日存在。只有在三个或更多短语发生时才接受检测，以确保我们对蓝鲸歌曲存在的信心。数据使用LFDCS进行处理', 'id': 'http://doi.org/10.25921/zvhg-kz87', 'infoUrl': 'https://ncei.noaa.gov', 'institution': 'NOAA', 'instrument': 'SoundTrap ST500', 'keywords_vocabulary': 'GCMD科学关键词', 'naming_authority': 'NOAA-Navy', 'project': 'NOAA-Navy海洋保护区声音景观监测项目', 'sourceUrl': '(本地文件)', 'standard_name_vocabulary': 'CF标准名称表v55'}