The Bushland, Texas, Winter Wheat Datasets

This parent dataset (collection of datasets) describes the general organization of data in the datasets for each growing season (two-year period) when winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown for grain at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Laboratory (CPRL), Soil and Water Management Research Unit (SWMRU), Bushland, Texas (Lat. 35.186714°, Long. -102.094189°, elevation 1170 m above MSL). Winter wheat was grown on two large, precision weighing lysimeters, calibrated to NIST standards (Howell et al., 1995). Each lysimeter was in the center of a 4.44 ha square field on which wheat was also grown (Evett et al., 2000). The two fields were contiguous and arranged with one directly north of the other. See the resource titled "Geographic Coordinates, USDA, ARS, Bushland, Texas" for UTM geographic coordinates for field and lysimeter locations. Wheat was planted in Autumn and grown over the winter in 1989-1990, 1991-1992, and 1992-1993. Agronomic calendar for the each of the three growing seasons list by date the agronomic practices applied, severe weather, and activities (e.g., planting, thinning, fertilization, pesticide application, lysimeter maintenance, harvest) in and on lysimeters that could influence crop growth, water use, and lysimeter data. These include fertilizer and pesticide applications. Irrigation was by linear move sprinkler system equipped with pressure regulated low pressure sprays (mid-elevation spray application, MESA). Irrigations were managed to replenish soil water used by the crop on a weekly or more frequent basis as determined by soil profile water content readings made with a field-calibrated (Evett and Steiner, 1995) neutron probe from 0.10- to 2.4-m depth in the field. The lysimeters and fields were planted to the same plant density, row spacing, tillage depth (by hand on the lysimeters and by machine in the fields), and fertilizer and pesticide applications. The weighing lysimeters were used to measure relative soil water storage to 0.05 mm accuracy at 5-min intervals, and the 5-min change in soil water storage was used along with precipitation, dew and frost accumulation, and irrigation amounts to calculate crop evapotranspiration (ET), which is reported at 15-min intervals. Each lysimeter was equipped with a suite of instruments to sense wind speed, air temperature and humidity, radiant energy (incoming and reflected, typically both shortwave and longwave), surface temperature, soil heat flux, and soil temperature, all of which are reported at 15-min intervals. Instruments used changed from season to season, which is another reason that subsidiary datasets and data dictionaries for each season are required. The Bushland weighing lysimeter research program was described by Evett et al. (2016), and lysimeter design is described by Marek et al. (1988). Important conventions concerning the data-time correspondence, sign conventions, and terminology specific to the USDA ARS, Bushland, TX, field operations are given in the resource titled "Conventions for Bushland, TX, Weighing Lysimeter Datasets".
There are six datasets in this collection. Common symbols and abbreviations used in the datasets are defined in the resource titled, "Symbols and Abbreviations for Bushland, TX, Weighing Lysimeter Datasets". Datasets consist of Excel (xlsx) files. Each xlsx file contains an Introductory tab that explains the other tabs, lists the authors, describes conventions and symbols used and lists any instruments used. The remaining tabs in a file consist of dictionary and data tabs. The six datasets are as follows:

Agronomic Calendars for the Bushland, Texas Winter Wheat Datasets

Growth and Yield Data for the Bushland, Texas Winter Wheat Datasets

Weighing Lysimeter Data for The Bushland, Texas Winter Wheat Datasets

Soil Water Content Data for The Bushland, Texas, Large Weighing Lysimeter Experiments

Evapotranspiration, Irrigation, Dew/frost - Water Balance Data for The Bushland, Texas Winter Wheat Datasets

Standard Quality Controlled Research Weather Data – USDA-ARS, Bushland, Texas

See the README for descriptions of each dataset.
The soil is a Pullman series fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll. Soil properties are given in the resource titled "Soil Properties for the Bushland, TX, Weighing Lysimeter Datasets". The land slope in the lysimeter fields is

本母数据集（数据集集合）详述了在冬季小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）作为谷物种植于美国农业部-ARS保护与生产实验室（CPRL）、土壤与水管理研究单元（SWMRU）、德克萨斯州布什兰德（纬度35.186714°，经度-102.094189°，海拔1170米以上平均海平面）的每个生长季节（两年期）内数据的一般组织结构。冬季小麦在两个大型、精密称重蒸散器（经美国国家标准与技术研究院（NIST）校准，参见Howell等人，1995年）上种植。每个蒸散器位于一个4.44公顷的正方形田地的中心，该田地同样种植了小麦（参见Evett等人，2000年）。两个田地相邻排列，一个位于另一个的北方。有关田地和蒸散器位置的UTM地理坐标，请参阅名为“德克萨斯州布什兰德，美国农业部，ARS”的资源。小麦于1989-1990年、1991-1992年和1992-1993年秋季种植，并在冬季生长。每个生长季节的农业日历按日期列出了应用的农业实践、恶劣天气以及可能影响作物生长、水分利用和蒸散器数据的活动（例如，播种、疏苗、施肥、农药施用、蒸散器维护、收获）。这些包括肥料和农药的施用。灌溉通过配备压力调节低压喷嘴的线性移动喷灌系统（中高程喷洒应用，MESA）进行。灌溉管理旨在每周或更频繁地补充作物使用的土壤水分，这是通过使用田间校准（参见Evett和Steiner，1995年）的中子探针从0.10-到2.4米深度在田间测得的土壤剖面水分含量读数来确定的。蒸散器和田地以相同的植株密度、行距、耕作深度（在蒸散器上手动进行，在田地上机械进行），以及肥料和农药施用进行种植。称重蒸散器用于测量相对土壤水分储存，精度达到0.05毫米，每5分钟间隔一次，并将土壤水分储存的5分钟变化与降水量、露水和霜积累以及灌溉量一起用于计算作物蒸散量（ET），该值以15分钟间隔报告。每个蒸散器配备了一套仪器，用于感知风速、空气温度和湿度、辐射能量（入射和反射，通常是短波和长波）、地表温度、土壤热通量和土壤温度，所有这些数据均以15分钟间隔报告。使用的仪器随季节而变化，这也是需要每个季节的子数据集和数据字典的另一个原因。布什兰德称重蒸散器研究项目由Evett等人（2016年）描述，蒸散器设计由Marek等人（1988年）描述。有关数据时间对应关系、符号约定以及特定于美国农业部ARS，德克萨斯州布什兰德，田野作业的术语的重要约定，请参阅名为“布什兰德，德克萨斯州，称重蒸散器数据集约定”的资源。本集合包含六个数据集。数据集中使用的常用符号和缩写定义在名为“布什兰德，德克萨斯州，称重蒸散器数据集符号和缩写”的资源中。数据集由Excel（xlsx）文件组成。每个xlsx文件包含一个简介标签页，该标签页解释了其他标签页，列出了作者，描述了使用的约定和符号，并列出了使用的任何仪器。文件中的其余标签页由字典和数据标签页组成。六个数据集如下：

布什兰德，德克萨斯州冬季小麦数据集的农业日历

布什兰德，德克萨斯州冬季小麦数据集的生长和产量数据

布什兰德，德克萨斯州冬季小麦数据集的称重蒸散器数据

布什兰德，德克萨斯州大型称重蒸散器实验的土壤水分含量数据

布什兰德，德克萨斯州冬季小麦数据集的蒸散量、灌溉、露/霜-水分平衡数据

标准质量控制研究气象数据 – 美国农业部-ARS，德克萨斯州布什兰德

有关每个数据集的描述，请参阅README文件。土壤为普尔曼系列细、混合、超活性、热性托雷特克淡色土。土壤特性在名为“布什兰德，德克萨斯州，称重蒸散器数据集土壤特性”的资源中给出。蒸散器田地的地面坡度……