Pharmacogenomic curriculum in Australian medical schools: a content analysis study

To ascertain and describe pharmacogenomic concepts included in the intended curriculum of accredited Australian medical schools. Content analysis of curriculum learning objectives of Australian medical schools was conducted, focusing on keywords and phrases pertaining to pharmacogenomic education. Learning objectives related to pharmacogenomics were categorized using (1) undergraduate medical genomic competencies per the Association of Professors in Human and Medical Genetics (2) Bloom’s Taxonomy for cognitive and knowledge dimensions and (3) knowledge translation (enabling science, translation science and clinical implementation). The curricula of 19 accredited medical schools in Australia were analyzed. Two-thirds (68%) contained genomic/pharmacogenomic education. Eight schools had content relating to undergraduate medical genomic competencies. Of those which had pharmacogenomic-related learning objectives, the majority (65%) were categorized in Bloom’s Taxonomy’s lower levels (Remember and Understand) and 15% were deemed to be at the level of ‘Clinical Implementation.’ The majority of Australian medical schools have incorporated pharmacogenomics in their current curriculum; however, learning objectives addressing application and clinical implementation are required. Doctors have a unique role to play in implementing pharmacogenomics into clinical practice. Comprehensiveness of course curricula across all learning domains would support uptake of pharmacogenomics into routine practice. <b>What is this article about?</b> Pharmacogenomics uses genetic information to individualize drug treatment and its use in medicine is rapidly expanding.  This article reviews pharmacogenomic education provided in Australian medical schools to understand how prepared medical graduates are to use pharmacogenomic concepts in daily practice. <b>What were the results?</b> The majority of Australian medical schools offer education regarding the science of pharmacogenomics; however, there is limited education on applying this information in the clinical setting to support patients and a multidisciplinary approach to care. <b>What do the results mean?</b> Australian medical schools should consider enhancing core pharmacogenomic clinical skills to utilize pharmacogenomics to its full potential.