Study of the vulnerability of rented homes caused by rental prices and energy bills in three cities in different climatic zones of Spain: Santander, Madrid and Malaga

[EN] The study presented here involves the development by the Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja (IETcc), belonging to the Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), of a model on the energy performance of the rental housing stock through the analysis of three cities located in different climatic zones of Spain, with different heating and cooling needs (Santander, Madrid and Malaga). Existing databases published in open source are used to develop a tool to evaluate possible interactions between energy bills, housing rental costs and income level in households located in stressed residential market areas. As a result, the pressure of bills for the average dwelling (energy and rent price) on the average income of each census tract in the three cities analyzed is provided. The areas that exceed the mean values on the three indicators (rental price, energy bills and household income) are also detected and those that exceed the mean value for each of the three cities, increased by the standard deviation for each of the three indicators, are identified as critical areas. These results allow us to identify the stressed areas where housing expenditures exceed 30% of disposable income globally for the three cities. In addition, they provide a detailed analysis of the indicators in the stressed areas on a case-by-case approach for each of the three cities.