Data from: Diversification patterns in the CES clade (Brassicaceae tribes Cremolobeae, Eudemeae, Schizopetaleae) in Andean South America

Dated molecular phylogenetic trees show that the Andean uplift had a major impact on South American biodiversity. For many Andean groups, accelerated diversification (radiation) has been documented. However, not all Andean lineages appear to have diversified following the model of rapid radiation, particularly in the central and southern Andes. Here, we investigated the diversification patterns for the largest South American-endemic lineage of Brassicaceae, composed of tribes Cremolobeae, Eudemeae and Schizopetaleae (CES clade). Species of this group inhabit nearly all Andean biomes and adjacent areas including the Atacama–Sechura desert, the Chilean Matorral and the Patagonian Steppe. First, we studied diversification times and historical biogeography of the CES clade. Second, we analysed diversification rates through time, lineages and associated life forms. Results demonstrate that early diversification of the CES clade occurred in the early to mid-Miocene (c. 12–19 Mya) and involved the central Andes, the southern Andes and the Patagonian Steppe, and the Atacama–Sechura desert. The Chilean Matorral and northern Andes were colonized subsequently in the early Pliocene (4–5 Mya). Diversification of the CES clade was recovered as a gradual process without any evidence for rate shifts or rapid radiation, in contrast to many other Andean groups analysed so far. Diversification time/rates and biogeographical patterns obtained for the CES clade are discussed and compared with patterns and conclusions reported for other Andean plant lineages.定年分子系统发育树研究表明，安第斯隆升（Andean uplift）对南美生物多样性产生了重大影响。针对诸多安第斯类群而言，学界已记录到其存在加速分化（辐射演化，radiation）现象。然而，并非所有安第斯演化支均遵循快速辐射演化模式发生分化，其中以安第斯中部与南部区域类群尤为典型。本研究聚焦于南美特有十字花科（Brassicaceae）最大演化支——由Cremolobeae、Eudemeae与Schizopetaleae三个族构成的CES演化支（CES clade），探究其分化模式。该类群物种几乎栖息于所有安第斯生物群区及邻近区域，涵盖阿塔卡马-塞丘拉沙漠、智利马托拉尔灌丛（Chilean Matorral）与巴塔哥尼亚草原（Patagonian Steppe）。其一，我们解析了CES演化支的分化时间与历史生物地理学特征；其二，我们分析了该类群随时间、演化支及相关生活型变化的分化速率。研究结果显示，CES演化支的早期分化发生于中新世早中期（约1200万至1900万年前），分化区域涵盖安第斯中部、安第斯南部、巴塔哥尼亚草原以及阿塔卡马-塞丘拉沙漠。智利马托拉尔灌丛与安第斯北部区域的拓殖事件则发生于上新世早期（约400万至500万年前）。与迄今已被研究的诸多其他安第斯类群不同，CES演化支的分化过程呈现为渐进式模式，未检测到任何分化速率跃迁或快速辐射演化的证据。本研究针对CES演化支所获的分化时间/速率与生物地理学模式展开讨论，并与其他已报道的安第斯植物演化支相关模式及结论进行对比分析。