Generalized and Specialized Resource Utilization During the Archaic Period: Implications of the Koster Site Faunal Record

Abstract - Traditionally, changes in niche breadth during the Archaic period have been depicted as involving a shift from specialized resource use during the Early Archaic to a more generalized resource use by the Middle Archaic. The faunal record from the Early and Middle Archaic levels of the Koster site does not support this scenario. Evaluation of the Koster case suggests that some modification to common assumptions about the determinants of niche breadth is in order. Not only should the ways in which resource supply and demand for food can affect niche breadth be reexamined but particular attention should be paid to the role of other factors.摘要——传统观点主张，古风期（Archaic period）的生态位宽度（niche breadth）变化，呈现为从早期古风期的专化资源利用模式，向中古风期更为泛化的资源利用模式的转变。然而科斯特遗址（Koster site）早期与中古风期地层的动物群记录，并不支持这一论断。对科斯特遗址案例的评估表明，学界关于生态位宽度决定因素的通用假设，有必要进行相应修正。不仅需重新审视食物资源供需对生态位宽度的影响路径，还应特别关注其他因素的作用。