The contribution of female meiotic drive to the evolution of neo-sex chromosomes

Sex chromosomes undergo rapid turnover in certain taxonomic groups. One of the mechanisms of sex chromosome turnover involves fusions between sex chromosomes and autosomes. Sexual antagonism, heterozygote advantage, and genetic drift have been proposed as the drivers for the fixation of this evolutionary event. However, all empirical patterns of the prevalence of multiple sex chromosome systems across different taxa cannot be simply explained by these three mechanisms. In this study, we propose that female meiotic drive may contribute to the evolution of neo-sex chromosomes. The results of this study showed that in mammals, the XY1Y2 sex chromosome system is more prevalent in species with karyotypes of more bi-armed chromosomes, whereas the X1X2Y sex chromosome system is more prevalent in species with predominantly acrocentric chromosomes. In species where bi-armed chromosomes are favored by female meiotic drive, X-autosome fusions (XY1Y2 sex chromosome system) will be also favored by f...性染色体（sex chromosomes）在部分分类群中会经历快速的更替过程。性染色体更替的机制之一涉及性染色体与常染色体（autosomes）之间的融合。既往研究提出，性拮抗（sexual antagonism）、杂合子优势（heterozygote advantage）以及遗传漂变（genetic drift）是这一进化事件得以固定的驱动因素。然而，不同分类群中多性染色体系统的流行程度的所有经验模式，无法仅通过这三种机制得到简单解释。本研究提出，雌性减数分裂驱动（female meiotic drive）或可助力新性染色体（neo-sex chromosomes）的演化。本研究结果显示，在哺乳动物类群中，XY₁Y₂性染色体系统在拥有更多双臂染色体（bi-armed chromosomes）核型的物种中更为常见，而X₁X₂Y性染色体系统则在以近端着丝粒染色体（acrocentric chromosomes）为主的物种中更为普遍。在雌性减数分裂驱动偏好双臂染色体的物种中，X-常染色体融合（XY₁Y₂性染色体系统）也将受到