Long-term project observations for project P574 semester 2025OCTS_03

We request time to observe 270 pulsars on a regular basis in order to achieve three main science goals. The first is to understand pulsars: how do they spin down and what disrupts this process, how and why their profiles vary with time, whether they precess or have planetary mass companions, in short all the things that make pulsar timing noisier than the perfect clock. Secondly we want to understand the interstellar medium of our Galaxy through repeated monitoring of dispersion measure, rotation measure and flux density variations in conjunction with scintillation parameters. Finally, we provide these data as a community service both to the high-energy community where we have strong collaborative links (particularly to Fermi) and to the radio pulsar astronomers generally through the CSIRO archive. The project is on-going since 2007, we are (co-)authors on 107 papers arising from the P574 data. The data have contributed to the PhD theses of students from Bordeaux, Manchester, Oxford, Stanford, and Swinburne. We are seeking long-term project status with a view to continuing the project into the SKA era.本项目申请望远镜观测时长，以对270颗脉冲星开展定期观测，从而实现三项核心科学目标。其一，深化对脉冲星的认知：包括其自转减慢的物理机制与干扰该过程的因素、脉冲轮廓随时间演化的规律与成因、是否存在进动现象或行星级质量伴星，简言之，所有会导致脉冲星计时偏离理想时钟噪声特性的相关问题。其二，通过持续监测色散量（dispersion measure, DM）、旋转量（rotation measure, RM）、流量密度的变化，并结合闪烁参数，解析银河系星际介质的物理特性。其三，本项目将观测数据作为公共天文科研资源进行共享：一方面面向与我方拥有紧密合作关系的高能天体物理领域团队（尤其与费米伽马射线望远镜（Fermi）团队），另一方面通过澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织（CSIRO）档案库，面向全体射电脉冲星天文学家开放共享。本项目自2007年起持续开展，基于P574项目数据已产出107篇学术论文，本团队均为这些论文的共同作者。该数据集已支撑来自波尔多大学、曼彻斯特大学、牛津大学、斯坦福大学以及斯威本科技大学的多名学生完成博士学位论文。本团队目前正申请项目长期存续资质，以期将该项目延续至平方千米阵列（SKA, Square Kilometre Array）时代。