Characteristics and weighted effect sizes of studies included in the shoreline stabilization meta-analysis.

(d) is found by calculating the difference between the means of the vegetated and unvegetated groups divided by the pooled standard deviation and weighted by a correction factor that adjusts for small sample size bias. Positive values of d indicate that marsh vegetation increases shoreline stabilization. Measures of shoreline stabilization include AC = Accretion, SEL = Marsh surface elevation change, ER = Lateral Erosion. The sign of d was reversed for studies that reported lateral erosion. Full citations are available in Figure S2.