Macroevolutionary divergence along allometric lines of least resistance in frog hindlimb traits and its effect on locomotor evolution

Understanding whether and why microevolutionary patterns of trait covariation match macroevolutionary divergence is essential for linking evolution at different timescales. However, recent work has focused on developmental constraints for alignment between intraspecific variation and divergence, neglecting a potential role of natural selection on function to connect these scales. Here, we compare the support for the selection and constraint hypotheses to explain both phenotypic trait covariation and species divergence. To test these hypotheses, we collected data on hindlimb and jumping performance traits within and across species of two frog genera. We compared patterns of within-species phenotypic variation (the P-matrix) with divergence and selective covariance matrices, from which we could extract the major axes of the realized adaptive landscape (AL), the directions in which adaptive peaks shifted the most over evolutionary time. We also tested whether the major axes of the AL were ..., The dataset was collected using a force plate and the software BioWare to measure jumping performance on live frogs collected in French Guiana, a caliper to measure hindlimb dimensions and a scale to measure body mass, both in live frogs and museum specimens.  The force traces were processed using a MATLAB script to extract acceleration and velocity for each jumping peak analyzed. Then, peak jumping performance values were extracted for each specimen using R programming environment. Morphological and jumping performance data were subsequently analyzed to contruct phenotypic covariance matrices and divergence matrices (rate matrices), and test whether variation within-species matched divergence across species. We also tested the role of selection on hindlimb morphology associated with jumping performance and on promoting divergence across species. All analyses were performed in R programming environment., , # Data from: Macroevolutionary divergence along allometric lines of least resistance in frog hindlimb traits and its effect on locomotor evolution [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0pnp](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0pnp) ## Description of the data and file structure Jumping performance measured using a force plate and BioWare software. Hindlimb morphology measured using a caliper and body mass measured with a scale. ### Files and variables #### File: vel\_complete.2.csv **Description:**Â Maximum acceleration and velocity values for all jumping peaks analyzed with MATLAB ##### Variables * ID:Â Identification number of field specimens caught in French Guyane * species:Â Species names (not updated for recent taxonomy) * max.vel:Â Peak jumping velocity in m/s * max.acc:Â Peak jumping acceleration in m/s2 * cont.time:Â Contact time for the jumping peak in s * exp.vel:Â Expected peak velocity in m/s calculated from the MATLAB script #### File: diverg\_list.Rdata **Description:**Â ...,理解性状协变的微观进化模式是否以及为何与宏观进化分化相匹配，对于连接不同时间尺度下的进化过程至关重要。然而，现有研究多聚焦于种内变异与分化之间的发育约束对齐机制，却忽视了自然选择通过功能层面连接这些进化尺度的潜在作用。本研究针对解释表型性状协变与物种分化的选择假说与约束假说，对比二者的支持证据。为验证上述假说，我们收集了两个蛙属内及跨物种的后肢形态与跳跃性能性状数据。我们将种内表型变异模式（即表型协方差矩阵，P-matrix）与分化协方差矩阵、选择协方差矩阵进行对比，借此可提取已实现自适应景观（adaptive landscape, AL）的主轴线——即进化过程中自适应峰移动幅度最大的方向。我们同时检验了自适应景观的主轴线是否…… 本数据集通过以下方式采集：使用测力台与BioWare软件，对采自法属圭亚那的活体蛙类测量其跳跃性能；使用游标卡尺测量后肢尺寸、使用天平测量体质量，测量对象涵盖活体蛙类与博物馆标本。 通过MATLAB脚本处理力迹数据，提取所有分析跳跃峰的加速度与速度；随后借助R语言编程环境，为每个样本提取峰值跳跃性能指标。 随后对形态学与跳跃性能数据进行分析，构建表型协方差矩阵与分化协方差矩阵（即速率矩阵，rate matrices），并检验种内变异是否与跨物种分化相匹配；同时我们还检验了自然选择对与跳跃性能相关的后肢形态的作用，以及其对跨物种分化的促进效应。所有分析均在R语言编程环境中完成。 # 数据来源：蛙类后肢性状沿异速生长最小阻力线的宏观进化分化及其对运动进化的影响 https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0pnp ## 数据与文件结构说明 跳跃性能通过测力台与BioWare软件测量。 后肢形态通过游标卡尺测量，体质量通过天平测量。 ### 文件与变量 #### 文件：vel_complete.2.csv **说明：** 经MATLAB处理的所有分析跳跃峰的最大加速度与速度值 ##### 变量 * ID：采自法属圭亚那的野外样本识别编号 * species：物种名称（未根据最新分类学进行更新） * max.vel：峰值跳跃速度，单位：m/s * max.acc：峰值跳跃加速度，单位：m/s² * cont.time：跳跃峰的接触时间，单位：s * exp.vel：通过MATLAB脚本计算得到的预期峰值速度，单位：m/s #### 文件：diverg_list.Rdata **说明：** ……