The counteracting effects of human-driven speciation and extinction on mammal species richness and phylogenetic diversity

Human activities are causing massive increases in extinction rates, but may also lead to drastic increases in speciation rates – for example following the human-mediated spread of species to otherwise unreachable landmasses. The long-term net anthropogenic effects on biodiversity, therefore, remain uncertain. The aim of this paper is to assess the combined anthropogenic effects of extinctions and speciations on biodiversity over geological time scales. We estimate known anthropogenic and predicted future extinctions based on Red List categories from the International Union for Conservation of Nature. We infer potential anthropogenic speciations assuming that all introductions to isolated landmasses will over time evolve into distinct species. We then estimate changes in regional and global species richness and phylogenetic diversity due to these extinctions and speciations. We show that if all species introduced into new landmasses develop into new species, the number of anthropogenic s..., , , # The counteracting effects of human-driven speciation and extinction on mammal species richness and phylogenetic diversity [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.z08kprrfw](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.z08kprrfw) The main part of the dataset contains information on what mammals have established introduced populations across continents as well as any island of at least 100 km^2 which are surrounded by sufficiently deep water to not be connected to continents or larger islands during the lowest sea level in the Late Pleistocene. ## Description of the data and file structure Three separate files are uploaded. * A zip file called codes.zip contains R codes for running all analyses from the underlying paper. * A CSV file called Appendix_1.csv contains information on all introduced mammals in binary coding, i.e., columns have a value of 1 for species introduced to that island and 0 for all others. * A pdf file called Introduced_species_info contains two tables. The first provides summar...人类活动正导致灭绝速率大幅攀升，但同时也可能引发物种形成速率的急剧增长——例如在人类介导下，物种扩散至原本无法抵达的陆块之后。因此，人类活动对生物多样性产生的长期净效应仍未明确。本研究旨在评估地质时间尺度上，人类活动引发的物种灭绝与物种形成对生物多样性的综合影响。我们基于国际自然保护联盟（International Union for Conservation of Nature）红色名录等级，估算已知的人为灭绝事件与未来预测的灭绝情况。我们假设所有引入孤立陆块的物种最终都会演化形成独特物种，以此推断潜在的人为新种形成事件。随后，我们估算由这些灭绝与新种形成事件导致的区域及全球物种丰富度与系统发育多样性变化。我们的研究表明，若所有被引入新陆块的物种均演化成为新物种，人为驱动的新物种数量将…… # 人类驱动的物种形成与灭绝对哺乳动物物种丰富度及系统发育多样性的抵消效应 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.z08kprrfw](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.z08kprrfw) 本数据集的核心内容包含以下信息：哺乳动物在跨大陆区域以及面积至少100平方千米的岛屿上建立引入种群的相关数据——这些岛屿被足够深的水域环绕，在晚更新世最低海平面时期未与大陆或更大岛屿相连。 ## 数据与文件结构说明 本次共上传三个独立文件： * 名为`codes.zip`的压缩包，内含支撑本研究所有分析流程的R语言代码； * 名为`Appendix_1.csv`的逗号分隔值文件，以二值编码形式收录所有引入哺乳动物的相关信息：列取值为1代表该物种已被引入对应岛屿，取值为0则代表未引入该岛屿的物种； * 名为`Introduced_species_info`的PDF文件，包含两张表格。第一张表格提供概述……