DataSheet_1_Sinus Microbiota in Patients With Eosinophilic and Non-Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps.docx

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by Th2-skewed inflammation and increased colonization by Staphylococcus aureus. CRSwNP can be distinguished as eosinophilic (ECRSwNP) and non-eosinophilic (NECRSwNP) by the infiltration of eosinophils. The local microbiota plays an important role in the persistent inflammation of CRSwNP. To evaluate the bacterial community composition on the distinct types of CRSwNP patients, we collected nasal swabs from 16 ECRSwNP patients, 18 NECRSwNP patients, and 39 healthy control subjects. The microbiome structure for all the samples were analyzed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Concentration of S. aureus was determined using TaqMan quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting the nuclease (nuc) gene. The result showed significant differences in the sinus microbiome among healthy control subjects and CRSwNP patients. Microbiota community diversity was significantly lower in NECRSwNP samples compared to that of healthy control subjects. Interestingly, the abundance of several pathogenic bacteria was diverse between ECRSwNP and NECRSwNP patients. Although Staphylococcus prevailed in all groups, the abundance of Staphylococcus was significantly higher in the healthy control group than the ECRSwNP group. More importantly, the abundance of S. aureus was much higher in NECRSwNP patients. This study highlights that microbiota composition may contribute to the different clinical types of CRSwNP, inspiring new therapeutic strategies to resolve this chronic inflammation process.

慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（CRSwNP）以Th2型偏倚性炎症和金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）的过度定植为特征。CRSwNP可通过嗜酸性粒细胞（eosinophils）的浸润区分出嗜酸性（ECRSwNP）和非嗜酸性（NECRSwNP）两种类型。局部微生物群在CRSwNP的持续炎症中扮演着至关重要的角色。为评估不同类型CRSwNP患者中的细菌群落组成，我们收集了16名ECRSwNP患者、18名NECRSwNP患者及39名健康对照者的鼻拭子样本。通过高通量16S rRNA基因测序技术对全部样本的微生物组结构进行了分析。利用针对核酸酶（nuc）基因的TaqMan定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）方法确定了金黄色葡萄球菌的浓度。结果显示，健康对照组与CRSwNP患者之间的鼻窦微生物组存在显著差异。与非嗜酸性CRSwNP样本相比，嗜酸性CRSwNP样本的微生物群多样性显著降低。有趣的是，在ECRSwNP和NECRSwNP患者之间，多种致病菌的丰度存在差异。尽管葡萄球菌在所有组别中均占主导地位，但健康对照组中的葡萄球菌丰度显著高于ECRSwNP组。更重要的是，NECRSwNP患者中金黄色葡萄球菌的丰度显著更高。本研究突显了微生物群组成可能对CRSwNP的不同临床类型产生影响，并为解决这一慢性炎症过程提供了新的治疗策略的启示。