Allele‐aware chromosome‐scale assembly of theallopolyploid genome of hexaploid Ma bamboo(Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro)

Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro is a woodyclumping bamboo with rapid shoot growth. Bothgenetic transformation and clustered regularly in terspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editingtechniques are available for D. latiflorus, enablingreverse genetic approaches. Thus, D. latiflorushas the potential to be a model bamboo species.However, the genome sequence of D. latiflorushas remained unreported due to its polyploidyand large genome size. Here, we sequenced theD. latiflorus genome and assembled it into threeallele‐aware subgenomes (AABBCC), representingthe largest genome of a major bamboo species.We assembled 70 allelic chromosomes (2, 737 Mb)for hexaploid D. latiflorus using both single‐molecule sequencing from the Pacific Biosciences(PacBio) Sequel platform and chromosome conformation capture sequencing (Hi‐C). Repetitivesequences comprised 52.65% of the D. latiflorusgenome. We annotated 135 231 protein‐codinggenes in the genome based on transcriptomesfrom eight different tissues. Transcriptome sequencing using RNA‐Seq and PacBio single‐molecule real‐time long‐read isoform sequencingrevealed highly differential alternative splicing (AS)between non‐abortive and abortive shoots, suggesting that AS regulates the abortion rate ofb amboo shoots. This high‐quality hexaploid genome and comprehensive strand‐specific transcriptome datasets for this Poaceae familymember will pave the way for bamboo researchusing D. latiflorus as a model species.. Please cite following reference if you use this dataset in your study:Zheng, Y., Yang, D., Rong, J., Chen, L., Zhu, Q., He, T., ... &amp; Gu, L. (2022). Allele‐aware chromosome‐scale assembly of the allopolyploid genome of hexaploid Ma Bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro). <i>Journal of Integrative Plant Biology</i>, <i>64</i>(3), 649-670.All suggestions are welcome to [e-mail]