Site fidelity increases reproductive success by increasing foraging efficiency in a marine predator

Seabirds must find food efficiently in the dynamic ocean environment to succeed at raising chicks. In theory, site familiarity, gained by prior experience in a place, should increase foraging efficiency when prey is predictable, and translate into increased reproductive success, though this is difficult to test empirically. To address this, we examined foraging-site fidelity in Magellanic penguins, Spheniscus magellanicus, using movement data from 180 individuals tracked during 23 breeding seasons when penguins make repeated trips from their colony to feed chicks. We tested whether chlorophyll-a concentration, as a proxy for ocean productivity, affects foraging-site fidelity. We then tested whether foraging-site fidelity affects foraging efficiency and reproductive success. Mean foraging-site fidelity was higher in years with higher ocean productivity, when fronts had stronger gradients in temperature and chlorophyll, and prey was likely more predictable. When returning to previously vi..., ,