Mean SST upwelling index, Ekman layer depth, vertical velocity of curl-driven upwelling, vertical velocity of coastal upwelling, total vertical velocity, and nutrients concentrations and nutrients concentrations extracted at a depth: ~20m in both I and II and depth: ~140m at III and IV at the upwelling regions during the winter season (Dec, Jan, Feb) for the year 2018.

Ekman layer depth and vertical velocity are derived from the monthly climatology of wind datasets which are extracted from the ECMWF (ERA5) datasets for the year 2018. Climatologies have been calculated over the long-term average period of 1981–2010. Whereas nutrient’s data are downloaded from the monthly climatology of the WOA data for the year 2018. The WOA data are climatological data collected from the periods 1900–2017.