Nutritional characterization of elderly people with hypertension in Teresina, Piauí State.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional state and food consumption, and to characterize some aspects of life style, of hypertensive elderly who attend two social centers in Teresina city. The cross-sectional study comprised 125 elderly individuals of both sexes (17 men and 108 women), who were interviewed through a previously tested questionnaire. Nutritional variables were assessed through anthropometry, circumference measures and a 24-hour food record. The analysis found high rates of overweight (45,6%) and low weight (36,0%). The diastolic arterial pressure was positively associated with overweight (body mass index > 27). The distribution of central lipids showed high prevalence, indicating risk for cardiovascular diseases. The most consumed food types were: beans, milk, breads, cereals, rice, pastas and meats. A great adhesion to non-pharmacologycal therapies in the group of hypertensive elderly was not observed, showing the need to review the guidelines of the Control of Arterial Pressure Program for the Elderly.摘要 本研究旨在评估特雷西纳市两家社交中心就诊的老年高血压患者的营养状况与食物摄入情况，并刻画其部分生活方式特征。本横断面研究共纳入125名不同性别的老年受试者（男性17名，女性108名），采用经过预试验验证的问卷开展访谈。通过人体测量学（anthropometry）、围度测量及24小时食物记录（24-hour food record）对营养相关变量进行评估。分析结果显示，超重率达45.6%、低体重率达36.0%，二者占比均较高；舒张压水平与体质量指数（Body Mass Index, BMI）>27的超重状态呈正相关。中心性脂肪分布患病率偏高，提示存在心血管疾病风险。受试者日常摄入占比最高的食物类别包括豆类、奶类、面包、谷类、大米、面食及肉类。本研究未观察到该老年高血压群体对非药物疗法的良好依从性，表明亟需修订老年动脉血压控制项目的相关指南。