scRNA of the immune infiltrate of TRAMP-C1 allografts upon different androgen-deprivation therapeutic combinations

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent cancer diagnosis made in men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Since PCa initiation and disease progression are driven by androgen receptor (AR) signaling, several effective AR signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) have been developed in the last few years. However, despite initial clinically significant therapy responses, secondary resistance to these treatments eventually emerges. Therapy resistance in prostate cancer is commonly associated with inflammation and accumulation of immunosuppressive neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment, also secreting oncogenic factors. Overall design: To characterize the immune infiltrate of TRAMP-C1 allografts treated with different androgen-deprivation therapy approaches, scRNA seq was performed on FACS-sorted intratumor CD45+ cells. Surgically castrated mice were treated with 1) enzalutamide alone, 2) enzalutamide + Anti-IL-23 antibody, 3) enzalutamide + aCXCR2. Mice were sacrificed either at the early or the late phase of response to treatment. Based on tumor growth curves, early phase of therapy response was defined as the first two weeks of treatment.