eDNA identification results of the species-specific primers targeting <i>A. purpuratus</i>. Information from each sampling location, collection dates and season, geographic coordinates, filtered water volume and level of the water column (B: bottom, M: midwater, S: surface), and qPCR results are shown. Sampling stations with an asterisk (*) denote eDNA samples extracted from a quarter filter. The “+” and “−“ signs indicate positive and negative detections, respectively.

eDNA identification results of the species-specific primers targeting A. purpuratus. Information from each sampling location, collection dates and season, geographic coordinates, filtered water volume and level of the water column (B: bottom, M: midwater, S: surface), and qPCR results are shown. Sampling stations with an asterisk (*) denote eDNA samples extracted from a quarter filter. The “+” and “−“ signs indicate positive and negative detections, respectively.