Fine-resolution frost climatology maps for south-central Brazil, 2000–2026

This dataset provides six fine-resolution raster products for Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Five complete-period products characterize mean annual frost-occurrence probability, five fixed probability classes, mean expected frost days, mean seasonal minimum temperature and the 25th percentile of annual seasonal minimum-temperature predictions for 2000–2026. The sixth product is the height-above-nearest-drainage (HAND) terrain surface derived with a 15,000-m flow-path search radius and used by the fitted models. The fixed frost season is 15 May–15 August. Random Forest models integrate observations from INMET meteorological stations with ERA5-Land atmospheric variables, MODIS Terra/Aqua land-surface variables, ANADEM terrain attributes and HAND. Predictions were transferred without spatial smoothing to a common approximately 30 m grid. The products represent model-based climatological frost hazard rather than short-term forecasts, direct 30 m meteorological measurements or plantation-damage probabilities. ENSO scenario maps are not included in this record.