chicken cecum interaction

chickens inoculated with cecal contents sourced from hens of different ages. Over 250proteins exhibited modified expression levels in response to microbiota inoculation.The most significant inductions were observed for ISG12-22, OASL, ES1, LYG2,DMBT1-L, CDD, ANGPTL6, B2M, CUZD1, IgM and Ig lambda chain. Of these, ISG12-22, ES1 and both immunoglobulins were expressed at lower levels in germ-freechickens compared to conventional chickens. In contrast, CELA2A, BRT-2, ALDH1A1,ADH1C, AKR1B1L, HEXB, ALDH2, ALDOB, CALB1 and TTR were expressed at lowerlevels following inoculation of microbiota. When chicks were given microbiotapreparations from different age donors, the recipients mounted differential responsesto the inoculation which also differed from the response profile in naturally colonisedbirds. For example, B2M, CUZD1 and CELA2A responded differently to the inoculationwith microbiota of 4- or 40-week-old hens. The increased or decreased geneexpression could be recorded 6 weeks after the inoculation of newly hatched chickens.To characterise the proteins that may directly interact with the microbiota wecharacterised chicken proteins that co-purified with the microbiota and identified arange of host proteins including CDD, ANGPTL6, DMBT1-L, MEP1A and Ig lambda.We propose that induction of ISG12-2 results in reduced apoptosis of host cellsexposed to the colonizing commensal microbiota and that CDD, ANGPTL6, DMBT1-L,MEP1A and Ig lambda reduce contact of luminal microbiota with the gut epitheliumthereby reducing the inflammatory response.