Water temperature, salinity, velocity, including ADCP ice tracking, collected from Bering Strait Moorings A2, A3, A4 in Bering Strait from 2019-09-07 to 2021-07-09 (NCEI Accession 0253624)
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This is an archive of data from moorings deployed in Bering Strait from summer 2019 and summer 2020 to summer 2021. Mooring deployments were funded by the NSF-Arctic Observing Network award PLR-1758565 (PIs: Woodgate and Peralta-Ferriz). The mooring work required 3 dedicated cruises: - in 2019 (5th - 15th September), a ~ 11 day cruise on the US vessel Norseman2 deployed the 2019 moorings. Some CTD sections were run on this cruise, and those data are archived separately. - in 2020 (1st - 18th September), a ~ 19 day cruise on the US vessel Norseman2 deployed the 2020 moorings. Some CTD sections were run on this cruise, and those data are archived separately. - in 2021 (7th - 17th July), a ~ 11 day cruise on the US vessel Norseman2 recovered all the moorings. Some CTD sections were run on this cruise, and those data are archived separately. In both 2019 and 2020, a total of three moorings were deployed (each year): - two moorings (A2 and A4) in the US channel of the strait, - one mooring (A3) at a site just north of the strait. In what follows, mooring names include a two digit suffix to represent year of deployment. Although the 2019 moorings would normally have been recovered in 2020, the global Covid pandemic prevented this. Instead, the 2020 cruise only deployed a further 3 new moorings (each ~ 400m west of their usual positions). All 6 moorings were recovered in 2021. Sites A2, and A3 were established in 1990. A2 and A3 have been occupied almost continuously (all years except 96-97) since then. Site A4 was established in 2001. Mooring location A2 is in the middle of the eastern (Alaskan side) channel. Mooring location A3 is just north of the strait, immediately east of the Russian-US EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) line. Experience has shown that site A3 samples both eastern and western channel water. Mooring location A4 is close to the Alaskan coast and allows measurement of the Alaskan Coastal Current. For an overview of previous and on-going Bering Strait mooring work, please see http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html. Moorings carry a variety of instruments, listed in the table below. All records are year-round, sampling hourly or more frequently (Time Int. in table below). Data from instruments marked with * are not included in this archive. For access to these data, please contact the named PI in list below table. 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ID Deployed Latitude Longitude Instrument S/N Time Inst. Water in Year (N) (W) Int. Depth Depth -------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2-19 2019 65 46.86 168 34.07 ISCAT 20936 NR 16m 56m ISCAT-Logger 22 30min ... 56m 300kHz-ADCP 12845 30min 46m 56m SBE16 2341 60min 50m 56m A3-19 2019 66 19.60 168 57.05 Upper ISCAT 14906 NR 8m 57m recovered by dragging Lower ISCAT 20129 NR 16m 57m ISCAT-Logger 24 30min ... 57m 300kHz-ADCP 9397 30min 43m 57m SBE16 1698 60min 44m 57m AURAL M2* 268LF - 49m 57m A4-19 2019 65 44.75 168 15.77 ISCAT 20935 5min 16m 48m ISCAT-Logger 21 30min ... 48m 300kHz-ADCP 13756 30min 37m 48m SBE16 1700 60min 41m 48m A2-20 2020 65 46.86 168 34.60 300kHz-ADCP 10926 30min 46m 56m SBE16 1226 60min 50m 56m A3-20 2020 66 19.60 168 57.60 300kHz-ADCP 13758 30min 44m 59m SBE16 1225 60min 44m 59m AURAL M2* 280LF - 49m 59m A4-20 2020 65 44.75 168 16.31 300kHz-ADCP 2234 30min 37m 50m SBE16 0004 60min 41m 50m -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depths are estimated from mooring design and pressure sensors where available, and are good to 1-2m. NR=instrument not recovered ND=No data Instruments with data included here: ISCAT - SBE37IM in ice resistant float, telemetering data inductively to a Logger below (system developed at APL-UW) 300KHz-ADCP - 300kHz RDI/Teledyne Workhorse Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler SBE37 Microcat - Seabird SBE 37 Temperature Salinity Pressure recorder SBE16woptic - Seabird SBE16plus with optical data (including some or all of fluorescence, turbidity, transmissivity and PAR) - see headers SBE26p-BPG - Seabird SBE26plus Bottom Pressure Gauge RCM9Turb - Aanderaa RCM9 acoustic current meter with turbidity sensor RCM9LW - Aanderaa Lightweight RCM9 acoustic current meter Instruments with data not included here: AARI-CM&CTD - Current meter and CTD from AARI (Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Russia), PI: Igor Lavrenov, AARI ISUS - ISUS Nitrate sensor, PI: Terry Whitledge, UAF AURAL M2* - Aural Marine Mammal Acoustic Recorder, PI: Kate Stafford, UW APL Marine Rec* - APL Marine Recorder, PI: Kate Stafford, UW. Each data file contains the data from one instrument-year - the listed year in the mooring name is the year in which the mooring was deployed. For RCMs and SBEs, calibrated data are recorded in one file per instrument per year, with naming convention: BeringStrait_yyyy_ID_III_#####.ttt yyyy=Deployment year; ID=mooring ID; III=instrument type; #####=serial number; ttt=indicates calibration, with .pre=pre-deployment calibration used, .ppp=pre and post deployment calibrations merged. The SBE-16 and 37 hexidecimal files (unaltered from the download) are also included, indicated by extension .hex or .asc For the ADCPs, there are multiple files per instrument. BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####ADCPraw.000 = Binary download from the ADCP (see notes below for multiple .000 files) BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####_ADCPdeploytests.txt = pre deployment tests BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####_ADCPrecoverytest.txt = post deployment tests The remainder are ASCII conversions of the data, corrected for clock drift and magnetic declination. BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####.btm = ASCII bottom track data (including ice range and velocity) BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####.ins = ASCII instrument data (e.g. heading, pitch, roll, temperature) BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####_bin01.rdat = ASCII water velocity data in Bin 1 BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####.bin02.rdat = ASCII water velocity data in Bin 2 etc. (Bin depths are given in the data files) Header information is included in each data file. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- For details of the measurements and their interpretation, please see: Woodgate, R.A., K.M.Stafford and F.G.Prahl (2015) A synthesis of year-round interdisciplinary mooring measurements in the Bering Strait (1990-2014) and the RUSALCA years (2004-2011), Oceanography 28(3):46-67, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.57 and Woodgate, R.A., 2018, Increases in the Pacific inflow to the Arctic from 1990 to 2015, and insights into seasonal trends and driving mechanisms from year-round Bering Strait mooring data, Progress in Oceanography, 160, 124-154, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2017.12.007. Please use both 2015 and 2018 citations for these data. Data are in text formats.
本数据集为2019年夏季至2020年夏季、2021年夏季期间在白令海峡（Bering Strait）布放的锚碇观测数据档案。锚碇部署项目由美国国家科学基金会北极观测网络（NSF-Arctic Observing Network）资助，项目编号PLR-1758565，首席研究员为Woodgate与Peralta-Ferriz。 本次锚碇作业共开展3次专项科考航次： - 2019年9月5日至15日：搭乘美国科考船“Norseman2”开展为期约11天的航次，完成2019年度锚碇的布放。本航次同步开展了若干CTD（温盐深剖面仪）断面测量，相关数据已单独归档。 - 2020年9月1日至18日：搭乘美国科考船“Norseman2”开展为期约19天的航次，完成2020年度锚碇的布放。本航次同步开展了若干CTD断面测量，相关数据已单独归档。 - 2021年7月7日至17日：搭乘美国科考船“Norseman2”开展为期约11天的航次，回收全部锚碇设备。本航次同步开展了若干CTD断面测量，相关数据已单独归档。 2019与2020年度每年均布放3台锚碇： - 2台锚碇（编号A2与A4）布放在海峡的美国航道内， - 1台锚碇（编号A3）布放在海峡北侧的邻近站位。 后续锚碇命名均采用两位数字后缀以标注部署年份。 尽管2019年度锚碇原计划于2020年回收，但受全球新冠疫情影响未能执行。因此2020年度航次仅新增布放了3台锚碇（布放位置较常规站位西移约400米），全部6台锚碇均于2021年完成回收。 A2与A3站位于1990年设立，自该年起除1996-1997年外几乎持续开展观测；A4站位于2001年设立。 锚碇A2位于东部（阿拉斯加侧）航道的中部；锚碇A3位于海峡北侧紧邻俄罗斯-美国专属经济区（Exclusive Economic Zone, EEZ）分界线东侧的海域，实测数据可同时覆盖东、西航道水体；锚碇A4紧邻阿拉斯加海岸，可用于测量阿拉斯加沿岸流（Alaskan Coastal Current）。 如需了解白令海峡锚碇观测的既往与正在开展的工作详情，请访问：http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html。 锚碇搭载了多类观测仪器，详见下表。所有观测记录均为全年连续采集，采样频率为每小时1次或更高（采样间隔详见下表）。带*标记的仪器数据未包含在本档案中，如需获取此类数据，请联系下表中列出的首席研究员。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ID 部署年份 纬度(N) 经度(W) 仪器 序列号 采样间隔 仪器安装水深 水体观测水深 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2-19 2019 65°46.86′ 168°34.07′ ISCAT 20936 NR 16m 56m ISCAT-Logger 22 30min ... 56m 300kHz-ADCP 12845 30min 46m 56m SBE16 2341 60min 50m 56m A3-19 2019 66°19.60′ 168°57.05′ 上层ISCAT 14906 NR 8m 57m（通过拖拽回收） 下层ISCAT 20129 NR 16m 57m ISCAT-Logger 24 30min ... 57m 300kHz-ADCP 9397 30min 43m 57m SBE16 1698 60min 44m 57m AURAL M2* 268LF - 49m 57m A4-19 2019 65°44.75′ 168°15.77′ ISCAT 20935 5min 16m 48m ISCAT-Logger 21 30min ... 48m 300kHz-ADCP 13756 30min 37m 48m SBE16 1700 60min 41m 48m A2-20 2020 65°46.86′ 168°34.60′ 300kHz-ADCP 10926 30min 46m 56m SBE16 1226 60min 50m 56m A3-20 2020 66°19.60′ 168°57.60′ 300kHz-ADCP 13758 30min 44m 59m SBE16 1225 60min 44m 59m AURAL M2* 280LF - 49m 59m A4-20 2020 65°44.75′ 168°16.31′ 300kHz-ADCP 2234 30min 37m 50m SBE16 0004 60min 41m 50m -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 水深数据基于锚碇设计方案与可用的压力传感器估算，误差范围为1-2米。NR=仪器未回收；ND=无有效数据。 纳入本档案的仪器： 1. ISCAT：搭载于抗冰浮标的SBE37IM传感器，通过电感方式将数据遥传至下方的Logger系统（由APL-UW开发） 2. 300kHz-ADCP：300kHz RDI/Teledyne Workhorse声学多普勒流速剖面仪 3. SBE37 Microcat：Seabird SBE37温盐深记录仪 4. SBE16woptic：Seabird SBE16plus型传感器，集成光学观测模块（可测量荧光、浊度、透射率及PAR等参数，详见数据文件头信息） 5. SBE26p-BPG：Seabird SBE26plus型底部压力计 6. RCM9Turb：Aanderaa RCM9型声学海流计，集成浊度传感器 7. RCM9LW：Aanderaa Lightweight RCM9型声学海流计 未纳入本档案的仪器： 1. AARI-CM&CTD：俄罗斯北极与南极研究所（Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, AARI）研发的海流计与CTD传感器，首席研究员为Igor Lavrenov（AARI） 2. AARI ISUS：ISUS硝酸盐传感器，首席研究员为Terry Whitledge（UAF） 3. AURAL M2*：Aural海洋哺乳动物声学记录仪，首席研究员为Kate Stafford（UW） 4. APL Marine Rec*：APL海洋记录仪，首席研究员为Kate Stafford（UW） 每个数据文件对应单台仪器单年度的观测数据，锚碇名称中的年份为该锚碇的部署年份。 针对RCM与SBE系列仪器，校准后的数据按“单仪器单年度”存储为单个文件，命名规则为： BeringStrait_yyyy_ID_III_#####.ttt 其中：yyyy=部署年份；ID=锚碇编号；III=仪器类型；#####=序列号；ttt为校准标识，.pre表示使用部署前校准数据，.ppp表示融合部署前后的校准数据。 同时还提供SBE-16与SBE-37的十六进制原始文件（未修改自下载源），扩展名为.hex或.asc。 针对ADCP仪器，单台仪器对应多个数据文件： - BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####ADCPraw.000：ADCP二进制原始下载数据（详见下文关于多.000文件的说明） - BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####_ADCPdeploytests.txt：部署前测试数据 - BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####_ADCPrecoverytest.txt：回收后测试数据 其余文件为二进制数据的ASCII转换格式，已修正时钟漂移与磁偏角影响： - BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####.btm：ASCII格式的底部跟踪数据（包含冰程与流速信息） - BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####.ins：ASCII格式的仪器状态数据（如航向、俯仰、横滚、温度等） - BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####_bin01.rdat：Bin1的ASCII格式水体流速数据 - BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####.bin02.rdat：Bin2的ASCII格式水体流速数据，以此类推（Bin水深详见对应数据文件） 所有数据文件均包含头文件信息。 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 如需了解观测细节与数据解读方法，请参阅以下文献： 1. Woodgate, R.A., K.M.Stafford 与 F.G.Prahl (2015)：《1990-2014年白令海峡全年跨学科锚碇观测综合分析与RUSALCA项目时期（2004-2011）》，《Oceanography》28(3):46-67，doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.57 2. Woodgate, R.A., 2018：《1990-2015年入北冰洋太平洋径流变化及基于白令海峡全年锚碇数据的季节趋势与驱动机制分析》，《Progress in Oceanography》160, 124-154，doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2017.12.007. 使用本数据集时请同时引用上述2015年与2018年的两篇文献。 本数据集采用文本格式存储。
