Mean values (± standard deviation) of the acoustic parameters for grunts emitted by white-lipped peccaries according to the ranking position.

Lower numbers correspond to higher positions in the dominance hierarchy. All measurements were taken from 50 samples from each individual. The percentage of correct cross-classified grunt calls for each individual based on the conventional (DFA) and permuted discriminant analysis (pDFA) is also presented, based on 37 calls for each individual.