High speed video of Bombus sound production

The video shows the animal immobilised as described in the methods for the acoustic recording. There are two distinct phases of sound production: (i) 0:01 – 0:26 the insect flies in a characteristic manner with high amplitude wing strokes that produce a waveform similar to that seen in Figure S2A; (ii) 0:32 – 1:03 the insect responds to the simulated predation by transitioning to the alarm sound with nearly static wings and bodily contractions. It is suggested that this involves the decoupling of wings from the flight muscles similar to the mechanism of wing whirring that is used as a thermoregulatory mechanism in this species.本视频展示了按照声学录音实验方法完成固定的受试昆虫。该昆虫的发声过程包含两个截然不同的阶段：(i) 0:01–0:26：昆虫以典型飞行模式振翅，翅击振幅较高，产生的声波波形与补充图S2A中所示波形一致；(ii) 0:32–1:03：昆虫对模拟捕食行为做出响应，翅部近乎静止并伴随躯体收缩，转而发出警戒声波。研究推测，该发声过程涉及翅部与飞行肌的解耦，这一机制与该物种用于体温调节的翅振（wing whirring）机制相似。