Datasets for :Anthropogenic interference and climatic change control long-term dissolved silicate variation in the Yellow River Basin

This dataset compiles all observational, processed, and model-generated data used in the study “Anthropogenic Interference and Climatic Change Control Long-Term Dissolved Silicate Variation in the Yellow River.” It integrates four major categories of information covering river chemistry, chemical weathering, reservoir silicon cycling, and watershed environmental change. The first part includes dissolved silicate (DSi) concentration and discharge-matched records at the Lijin station (1985–2020), annual DSi fluxes to the Bohai Sea, and annual water discharge. The second part provides chemical weathering–related datasets, including lithologic and soil parameters, DSi weathering yields for the whole basin and the Tibetan Plateau region (1980–2018), the proportion of weathered DSi entering surface runoff, and long-term climate variables. The third part contains inputs, outputs, sensitivity tests, and validation results for the silicon cycling models of the five major reservoirs on the Yellow River mainstem. MATLAB scripts used to compute silicon pools and run the coupled reservoir model are included to ensure full reproducibility. The final part consists of long-term land-use, crop production, soil erosion, and DSi leaching datasets (1985–2020), which support evaluations of anthropogenic impacts on basin-wide DSi balance. Together, these datasets provide a comprehensive foundation for quantifying the climatic, geomorphologic, agricultural, and reservoir-related controls on long-term DSi dynamics in the Yellow River Basin.