Global warming increases the phosphorus effect in freshwater lakes and promotes cyanobacterial blooms through microbial taxa interactions and gene regulation

In recent years, the frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms have increased worldwide (Huisman et al., 2018). Cyanobacterial blooms commonly occur in inland waters around the world, particularly in eutrophic waters, and have significant impacts on ecosystems, socioeconomics and human health (Feng et al., 2024). With global climate warming, rising water temperatures accelerate the growth rate of cyanobacteria, especially toxin-producing species such as R.raciborskii which are highly adaptive and capable of thriving in a variety of environmental conditions while producing toxins. As a result, R.raciborskii has become a focal point in global bloom research(Zheng et al., 2023). The frequency and severity of Microcystis blooms have increased significantly under changing temperature and phosphorus concentrations (Wu et al., 2022). These environmental changes have prompted researchers to focus on the response mechanisms of R.raciborskii to external factors and the role of microbial communities in the occurrence of R.raciborskii blooms (Zheng et al., 2024).