Data from: Survival estimates strongly depend on capture-recapture designs in a disturbed environment inducing dispersal

Capture‐Recapture (CR) approaches are extensively used to estimate demographic parameters. Their robustness relies on the selection of suitable statistical models, but also on the sampling design and effort deployed in the field. In colonial or territorial species showing breeding site fidelity, recurrent local perturbations, such as predation‐induced breeding failure, may lead individuals to disperse locally or regionally. This might induce heterogeneity in individual CR histories and biases in demographic parameter estimates. Here, we assessed the effect of buffer areas and multi‐site designs on annual survival estimate accuracy and precision. First, using simulated data with and without a multi‐site design, we compared survival estimates for different scenarios involving contrasted local and regional dispersal. Then, using data from a local multi‐site long‐term monitoring survey carried out in a colony of black‐legged kittiwakes, we tested the homogeneity of individual CR histories and compared survival estimates from three datasets including one or several breeding cliffs with or without buffer areas. Results from simulations highlighted that a single‐site design consistently led to underestimated or less precise survival values compared to a multi‐site design. Similarly, a multi‐site design allowed detecting significant temporal trends while a single‐site one did not. In the field‐based study, adding buffer areas reduced individual heterogeneity, but all three datasets suffered from strong trap‐dependence possibly due to individual breeding success affecting nest‐site fidelity. Implementing a multi‐site design significantly improved the accuracy and precision of annual survival estimates, regardless of CR models applied. Adapting the spatial scale of sampling design to the local environment and species behaviour is essential to provide robust parameters of key relevance for population monitoring and management. We show that implementing buffer areas and/or multi‐site designs may be especially beneficial for long‐lived species facing regular local perturbation events leading to local dispersal.标记重捕法（Capture-Recapture, CR）被广泛用于估算种群统计参数。其稳健性不仅取决于合适统计模型的遴选，还依赖于野外采样设计与采样投入的合理配置。对于表现出繁殖位点保真度的集群或领地性物种而言，诸如捕食诱发的繁殖失败这类周期性局部扰动，或促使个体发生局部乃至区域尺度的扩散。这可能会造成个体标记重捕历史的异质性，进而对种群统计参数的估计结果引入偏差。 本研究旨在评估缓冲区（buffer areas）与多站点设计（multi-site designs）对年存活率估计准确性与精确性的影响。首先，我们借助设置与未设置多站点设计的模拟数据，针对涵盖不同局部与区域扩散强度的多类场景，对比分析了存活率的估计结果。随后，我们依托针对一处黑腿三趾鸥（black-legged kittiwakes）集群开展的局部多站点长期监测调查数据，检验了个体标记重捕历史的同质性，并对比了三类数据集的存活率估计结果——这三类数据集分别包含单个或多个繁殖崖壁，且分别设置或未设置缓冲区。 模拟结果显示，相较于多站点设计，单站点设计始终会导致存活率估计值被低估，或是估计精度不足。同理，多站点设计可检测到显著的时间动态趋势，而单站点设计则无法实现这一点。 在野外实证研究中，增设缓冲区可降低个体异质性，但三类数据集均存在较强的诱捕依赖（trap-dependence）效应，这一现象可能源于个体繁殖成功率对其巢位点保真度的影响。无论采用何种标记重捕模型，实施多站点设计均可显著提升年存活率估计的准确性与精确性。 将采样设计的空间尺度适配于当地环境与物种行为特征，对于获取兼具稳健性与关键应用价值的种群监测与管理参数而言至关重要。本研究证实，对于频繁遭遇可引发局部扩散的周期性局部扰动事件的长寿物种而言，增设缓冲区或采用多站点设计均可带来尤为显著的研究效益。