Eastern Khanty Bear Ceremonialism, Western Siberia, Russian Federation (2019-2023)

The four Eastern Khanty bear ceremonies that are the subject of this project took place in Surgut Region, KhMAO-Iugra between 1995 and 2021. Three of these were documented prior to the grant period --1995 Larlomkiny, R. Bolʹshoi Iugan; 2010, 2016 Kiniamino, R. Malyi Iugan – and one, 2021 Pesikova Settlement, R. Pim, during the grant period. Publicly available materials in this dataset include a description of the eastern Khanty Bear Festival as well as an annotated trilingual transcription of the “Song of the Coming of the Bear” available online at https://eloka-arctic.org/bears/eastern-khanty. Materials not yet available for public dissemination include photographic and raw video documentation of these Eastern Khanty Bear Festivals filmed by the researcher or made available to him, as well as transcriptions of songs and skits in Khanty language with rough translations in Russian, and some also in English: from 1995 Larlomkiny, 31 songs and 16 skits; from 2010 Kiniamino, 21 songs; from 2016 Kiniamino, one; 2021 Pesikova, 4 songs. Conservation regimes and governmental relations with Indigenous peoples both vary widely. Successfully resolving conficts arising from human-wildlife interactions (HWI) is complicated by the existence of multiple ontologies not only among various publics but within historically-marginalized and fragmented Indigenous communities. Current models of HWI are being reevaluated in order to better understand how humans and animals, including large carnivores, have learned to coexist. We outline the potential of such an ethos for developing moreinclusive and just management policies and practices focused on tolerance and coexistence, while also identifying some limitations on developing such policies that emerge from acculturative stresses本项目所研究的四场东汉特人熊祭仪式，于1995年至2021年间在汉特-曼西自治区（KhMAO-Iugra）的苏尔古特地区举办。其中三场仪式于项目资助期前完成记录：1995年的拉爾洛姆基内（Larlomkiny）村，地处大尤甘河（R. Bolʹshoi Iugan）流域；2010年与2016年的基尼亚米诺（Kiniamino）村，地处小尤甘河（R. Malyi Iugan）流域；剩余一场仪式于资助期内完成记录：2021年的佩西科瓦定居点（Pesikova Settlement），地处皮姆河（R. Pim）流域。本数据集的公开可用材料包括东汉特人熊节的相关描述，以及一份带标注的三语转录版《熊的降临之歌》，该材料可通过https://eloka-arctic.org/bears/eastern-khanty在线获取。尚未对外公开的材料包括：研究人员拍摄或授权获取的东汉特人熊祭的影像与原始视频素材，以及汉特语歌曲与小品的转录文本，附带俄语粗译，其中部分素材还配有英语译文：1995年拉爾洛姆基内村相关素材包含31首歌曲与16个小品；2010年基尼亚米诺村相关素材包含21首歌曲；2016年基尼亚米诺村相关素材包含1首歌曲；2021年佩西科瓦定居点相关素材包含4首歌曲。保护制度与政府对原住民的治理方式存在显著差异。由于不仅不同公众群体间存在多元本体论认知，在历史上被边缘化且分散的原住民社群内部亦是如此，这使得解决人兽交互（Human-Wildlife Interaction, HWI）引发的冲突变得极为复杂。当前学界正重新评估人兽交互模型，以期更深入地理解人类与包括大型食肉动物在内的动物如何学会共存。本文阐述了此类理念在制定更具包容性与公正性的管理政策与实践方面的潜力，该政策与实践以包容与共存为核心，同时也指出了文化适应压力所带来的此类政策制定的若干局限。