West Gulf Coast Mottled Duck Nesting (Southeast Blueprint Indicator)
收藏US Fish and Wildlife Service Open Data2026-03-28 收录
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<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:12pt 0in 4pt; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'><span style='font-size:large;'><font style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5;'><strong>Reason for Selection</strong></font></span><br /> </p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>The mottled duck is a non-migratory waterfowl species endemic to the Gulf coast that relies on a unique mix of coastal marshes and nearby grassland habitat for foraging, nesting, and raising young. The West Gulf Coast mottled duck population has declined significantly since the mid-1990s due to habitat loss from urban growth, agricultural development, saltwater intrusion, and invasive species (Moon et al. 2021, Krainyk et al. 2019, Moon et al. 2021). Mottled ducks are considered an indicator of coastal marsh health and function (Moon et al. 2015), and other indicators in the Blueprint were not capturing the important ecological role of grassland habitats near wetlands in the Western Gulf Coast.</p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:12pt 0in 4pt; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'><span style='font-size:large;'><font style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5;'><strong>Input Data</strong></font></span></p><div style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; line-height:1.5; margin:0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'><ul><li><a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/53b477e5e4b07c5f79a7f446' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>Spatially Explicit Decision Support Tool for Guiding Habitat Conservation for Western Gulf Coast Mottled Ducks</a>: Currently suitable nesting habitat </li></ul></div><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Because mottled ducks use coastal marsh and agricultural landscapes somewhat differently, this model identified suitable nesting habitat in two different zones: agricultural and coastal. In agricultural areas, nesting cover is usually found in “fallow fields, low-intensity grazing systems, hay fields, native prairies, and other grasslands” with less than 30% woody cover (Krainyk et al. 2019). Here, the model defined suitable nesting habitat as patches of suitable agricultural or grassland land cover that are at least 40 acres in size, with a 0.025 m/sq m edge-to-interior ratio, and no more than a mile from currently suitable brood-rearing habitat.</p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'> </p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>In coastal marshes, “mottled ducks prefer nesting habitat characterized by tall, dense stands of grass, usually located in elevated sites within 150 meters of water” or “on narrow ridges or levees that are surrounded by marsh” (Krainyk et al. 2019). Here, the model defined suitable nesting habitat as patches of suitable agricultural, grassland, or wetland land cover that are at least 40 acres in size and no more than a mile from currently suitable brood-rearing habitat (very similar to the parameters used in the agricultural zone, but with the addition of wetland land cover and removal of the edge-to-interior ratio requirement).</p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'> </p><ul><li>MODU_range_byInitiaveArea (contact Blair Tirpak for access at <a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' href='mailto:blair_tirpak@fws.gov' rel='nofollow ugc'>blair_tirpak@fws.gov</a>) </li><li><a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://secas-fws.hub.arcgis.com/maps/8bde4161a8af4ab9ad8341ef79d9d307/about' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>Base Blueprint 2022 extent</a></li><li><a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://secas-fws.hub.arcgis.com/maps/0b3e3940763a4e3aae7647b0fe4c31e4/about' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>Southeast Blueprint 2023 extent</a></li></ul><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:12pt 0in 4pt; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'><span style='font-size:large;'><font style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5;'><strong>Mapping Steps</strong></font></span></p><ul><li>Divide the currently suitable nesting habitat layer into 10 equal area classes using the Slice tool in ArcPro.</li><li>Create an extent raster with a value of 0 from the MODU_range_byInitiativeArea shapefile. Zero values are intended to help users better understand the extent of this indicator and make it perform better in online tools.</li><li>Mosaic the 10-class raster with the extent raster. </li><li>Reclassify the resulting value field into the final indicator values seen below.</li><li>Clip to the spatial extent of Base Blueprint 2022.</li><li>As a final step, clip to the spatial extent of Southeast Blueprint 2023. </li></ul><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'><span style='background-attachment:initial; background-clip:initial; background-image:initial; background-origin:initial; background-position:initial; background-repeat:initial; background-size:initial; border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; line-height:17.12px;'>Note: For more details on the mapping steps, code used to create this layer is available in the </span></span><a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/68ba6308d4be021908ad78ae?name=Southeast_Blueprint_2025_Data_Download.zip' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'><span style='font-family:inherit;'><span style='background-attachment:initial; background-clip:initial; background-image:initial; background-origin:initial; background-position:initial; background-repeat:initial; background-size:initial; border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; line-height:17.12px;'>Southeast Blueprint Data Download</span></span></a><span style='font-family:inherit;'><span style='background-attachment:initial; background-clip:initial; background-image:initial; background-origin:initial; background-position:initial; background-repeat:initial; background-size:initial; border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; line-height:17.12px;'> under > 6_Code.</span></span></p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:12pt 0in 4pt; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'><i>Final indicator values</i></p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in 0in 6pt; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Indicator values are assigned as follows:</p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>10 = 90th-100th percentile of suitable mottled duck nesting habitat</p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>9 = 80th-90th percentile of suitable mottled duck nesting habitat</p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>8 = 70th-80th percentile of suitable mottled duck nesting habitat</p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>7 = 60th-70th percentile of suitable mottled duck nesting habitat</p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>6 = 50th-60th percentile of suitable mottled duck nesting habitat</p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>5 = 40th-50th percentile of suitable mottled duck nesting habitat</p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>4 = 30th-40th percentile of suitable mottled duck nesting habitat</p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>3 = 20th-30th percentile of suitable mottled duck nesting habitat</p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>2 = 10th-20th percentile of suitable mottled duck nesting habitat</p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>1 = 0-10th percentile of suitable mottled duck nesting habitat</p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>0 = Not identified as suitable mottled duck nesting habitat (within TX and LA)</p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:12pt 0in 4pt; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'><span style='font-size:large;'><font style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5;'><strong>Known Issues</strong></font></span></p><ul><li>This indicator represents a perspective on grasslands through the lens of a single species that requires grasslands to be in proximity to low salinity wetlands. As a result, it potentially excludes some larger blocks of intact grasslands.</li><li>Mottled ducks also nest within some emergent coastal marshes; therefore, this indicator might include significant contiguous blocks of emergent wetlands in some areas, especially where the salinities don’t exceed intermediate ranges. </li><li>This indicator defines suitability for mottled duck based solely on landscape context and does not consider grassland condition (e.g., it does not differentiate overgrazed areas, grasslands dominated by exotics, etc.).</li></ul><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:12pt 0in 4pt; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'><span style='font-size:large;'><font style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5;'><strong>Disclaimer: Comparing with Older Indicator Versions</strong></font></span></p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>There are numerous problems with using Southeast Blueprint indicators for change analysis. Please consult Blueprint staff if you would like to do this (email <a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' href='mailto:hilary_morris@fws.gov' rel='nofollow ugc'>hilary_morris@fws.gov</a>).</p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:12pt 0in 4pt; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'><span style='font-size:large;'><font style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5;'><strong>Literature Cited</strong></font></span></p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Krainyk, Anastasia and Bart M. Ballard. 2014. Decision Support Tool: Prioritization of Mottled Duck (Anas fulvigula) Habitat for Conservation and Management in the Western Gulf Coast. Final report. [<a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/547cb566e4b0bdc51793037c' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/547cb566e4b0bdc51793037c</a>]. </p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'> </p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Krainyk, Anastasia, B. Ballard, M.G. Brasher, B.C. Wilson, M. W. Parr, C. K. Edwards. Decision support tool: Mottled duck habitat management and conservation in the Western Gulf Coast. Journal of Environmental Management, v. 203, p43-52. [<a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.054' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.054</a>].</p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'> </p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Moon, Jena, D. Haukos, W. Conway. 2015. Mottled Duck (Anas fulvigula) Movements in the Texas Chenier Plain Region. Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 2:255-261. [<a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://seafwa.org/sites/default/files/journal-articles/37%252520Moon%252520et%252520al%252520255-261.pdf' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>https://seafwa.org/sites/default/files/journal-articles/37%252520Moon%252520et%252520al%252520255-261.pdf</a>].</p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'> </p><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Moon, J.A., Haukos, D.A. and Conway, W.C. (2017), Seasonal survival of adult female mottled ducks. Jour. Wild. Mgmt., 81: 461-469. 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Lehnen, K.L. Metzger, M.A. Squires, M.G. Brasher, B.C. Wilson, W.C. Conway, D.A. Haukos, B.E. Davis, F.C. Rohwer, E.M. Wehland, B.M. Ballard. Projected impact of sea-level rise and urbanization on mottled duck (Anas fulvigula) habitat along the Gulf Coast of Louisiana and Texas through 2100. 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M., Bonczek, E. S., Marty, J. R., Booth, A. R., & Dopkin, A. L. (2021). Survival of western Gulf Coast Mottled Ducks (<span style='font-family:inherit; font-size:11pt;'><font style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5;'><span style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; line-height:1.5;'>Anas fulvigula) in the path of a Category 4 hurricane. Ecology and Evolution, 11, 15477– 15483. [</span></font></span><a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8276' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8276</a>].</p>
提供机构：
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
