Tech Middle Power Cooperation and Workarounding

This dataset contains cooperation initiatives including 24 tech middle powers and an additional 32 partner countries between 1990 and July 2025. Data entries include collaborations spanning 8 world regions, but exclude any cooperation with the United States and/or China in line with the definition of workarounding (see related publication). As such, the dataset is a valuable resource for scholars and students hoping to better understand how international technological cooperation is evolving related to economic, development, innovation, infrastructure and (cyber)security issues outside the world's technopoles. Variables: Name of and/or descriptor of agreement, Number and names of participating countries, Bi-/Tri-/Minilateral classification, Type of agreement, Degree of formality, Geographic scope and regions involved, Year(s) of founding/entry/expansion or modification, Sectors covered, Technologies covered, Sub-agreements, Details of cooperation, Official sources, Media sources