Temperature can reverse sexual conflict, facilitating population growth

Sexual conflict can lead to adaptations that increase male reproductive success at the expense of harming females (‘male harm’) and decreasing population growth. Studying the ecology of male harm is paramount to understanding how sexual conflict unfolds in nature and its consequences for population viability. We used seed beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus), a species where males harm females through harassment and traumatic insemination, to examine whether temperature (24ºC, 28ºC, 32ºC) modulates pre-copulatory harm (harassment) or pre- and post-copulatory harm (harassment and mating) in females exposed to low or high sexual conflict (one or two males, respectively), vs. once-mated females (no harm). Constant exposure to males decreased female fitness at warmer environments, particularly at 28ºC, and when females were subject to constant harassment and mating under high sexual conflict. In contrast, constant exposure to male harassment and mating increased female fitness at 24ºC, partic..., , , # Data from: Temperature can reverse sexual conflict, facilitating population growth Datasets: 1. data.txt 2. NetReproductiveRate.txt **Description - legend** * data.txt: Data used to analyse LRS and Lifespan of focal females for the experiment. * NetReproductiveRate.txt: Data used to obtain the Net Reproductive Rate of each focal group of females in the experiment. `Net reproductive rate of our populations as the sum of the lx (the number of surviving individuals at the beginning of age class X) and mx (the number of living individuals born per female in each interval class), following equation: R~0~ = Σ lxmx. It was calculated for ‘no harm’ (control; E) and ‘mating and harassment’ treatments (both under low- and high-intensity sexual conflict; A y B) (see Fig. 3)` **Variables** * Variable \"Temp\". Three temperatures: cold=24°C,med=28°C,hot=32°C * Variable \"Treatment\". Five levels of treatments (i.e. \"treatment\"): low or high sexual conflict in mating and harassment (A or B trea...,性冲突（sexual conflict）可催生适应性演化，使雄性以伤害雌性为代价提升自身繁殖成功率，即“雄性伤害”（male harm），同时降低种群增长速率。探究雄性伤害的生态学机制，对于阐明性冲突在自然系统中的动态过程及其对种群存续的影响至关重要。本研究以豆象（Callosobruchus maculatus）为实验对象——该物种雄性可通过骚扰与创伤式授精（traumatic insemination）对雌性造成伤害——以此检验温度（24℃、28℃、32℃）是否会调控暴露于低、高强度性冲突（分别对应1只或2只雄性）的雌性所遭遇的交配前伤害（骚扰），以及交配前后伤害（骚扰与交配行为），同时设置单次交配雌性组作为无伤害对照。 持续接触雄性会在温度较高的环境中降低雌性的适合度（fitness），该效应在28℃条件下尤为显著；当雌性处于高强度性冲突下，持续遭受骚扰与交配时，这一抑制作用更为突出。与之相反，在24℃环境中，持续暴露于雄性的骚扰与交配行为反而会提升雌性的适合度，…… # 数据来源：Temperature can reverse sexual conflict, facilitating population growth 数据集： 1. data.txt：用于分析本实验中目标雌性的终身繁殖成功率（Lifetime Reproductive Success, LRS）与寿命相关数据。 2. NetReproductiveRate.txt：用于获取本实验中各雌性实验组的净繁殖率（Net Reproductive Rate）相关数据。 **描述-图例** 本研究将种群净繁殖率定义为$l_x$（年龄组$X$起始时的存活个体数）与$m_x$（每雌性在各间隔期内产下的存活后代数）的总和，遵循公式：$R_0 = sum l_x m_x$。该指标针对“无伤害”对照组（E组）以及“交配与骚扰”处理组（分别对应低、高强度性冲突的A、B组，详见图3）进行计算。 **变量** · 变量“Temp”：共3个温度水平：cold=24℃、med=28℃、hot=32℃ · 变量“Treatment”：共5个处理水平，即交配与骚扰强度的低/高强度性冲突（A组或B组……）