Data from: Insecticides promote viral outbreaks by altering herbivore competition

While the management of biological invasions is often characterized by a series of single-species decisions, invasive species exist within larger food webs. These biotic interactions can alter the impact of control/eradication programs and may cause suppression efforts to inadvertently facilitate invasion spread and impact. We document the rapid replacement of the invasive Bemisia MEAM1 cryptic species by the cryptic MED species throughout China, and demonstrate that MED is more tolerant of insecticides and a better vector of tomato yellow leaf curl virus ('TYLCV') than MEAM1. While MEAM1 usually excludes MED under natural conditions, insecticide application reverses the MEAM1-MED competitive hierarchy and allows MED to exclude MEAM1. The insecticide-mediated success of MED has led to TYLCV outbreaks throughout China. Our work strongly supports the hypothesis that insecticide use in China reverses the MEAM1-MED competitive hierarchy and allows MED to displace MEAM1 in managed landscapes. By promoting the dominance of a Bemisia species that is a competent viral vector, insecticides thus increase the spread and impact of TYLCV in heterogeneous agroecosystems.尽管生物入侵防控通常采用针对单一物种的系列决策，但入侵物种实际存续于更为复杂的食物网之中。这些生物交互作用可能改变防控或根除项目的实施效果，甚至可能令种群抑制行动无意间加剧入侵物种的扩散与危害。本研究记录了烟粉虱属（Bemisia）MED隐存种在全国范围内快速取代入侵性MEAM1隐存种烟粉虱的过程，并证实MED隐存种对杀虫剂的耐药性更强，同时作为番茄黄化曲叶病毒（tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV）的高效传毒媒介，其传毒能力优于MEAM1隐存种。在自然条件下，MEAM1隐存种通常会排斥MED隐存种，但杀虫剂的使用会逆转二者的竞争层级，使MED隐存种得以取代MEAM1隐存种。由杀虫剂介导的MED隐存种种群优势的确立，已导致全国范围内暴发番茄黄化曲叶病毒疫情。本研究结果有力支持了如下假说：在中国境内使用杀虫剂会逆转MEAM1与MED隐存种的竞争层级，使MED隐存种得以在人工管理的农田景观中取代MEAM1隐存种。通过强化具备高效传毒能力的烟粉虱属物种的种群优势，杀虫剂进而加剧了番茄黄化曲叶病毒在异质性农业生态系统中的扩散与危害。