Dietary items recorded in Chocoan bats

Human disturbances have reduced the three basic niche dimensions for the survival of some mammalian species (space, time and resources). Many studies consider that anthropic activities cause the extinction of ecological functionalities faster than the species extinctions. The effects of human disturbances on the niche structure and ecological relationships of bat communities are fairly unknown.  Based on management use, we identified 4 types of habitats in the Ecuadorian Andean Chocó: primary forest (PF), secondary forest in natural regeneration (SF1), secondary forest in assisted regeneration (SF2) and pastures for cattle (P). We used these habitats to determine the responses in the trophic niche and the ecological relationships of understory fruit bats. Our results show that niche overlap is higher in disturbed habitats (SF1, SF2, and P), while ecological relationships are weaker. These results mean that bat communities and the ecosystem services that these animals provide are highly ..., Sampling was organized according to the lunar calendar periods, avoiding full moon periods because many species reduce their activity patterns to lower predation risk. There were 12 sampling nights in February, 11 in March, and 12 in May. During these months, we captured bats in the primary forest of Mashpi Lodge (PF), the secondary forest in natural regeneration (SF1) in Pambiliño and Chontaloma, and the secondary forest in assisted regeneration (SF2) in Chontaloma. Additionally, between July and August 2021, a 9-night sampling trip was carried out between the Mashpi Shungo and Chontaloma reserves. In Mashpi Shungo, we sampled in primary forest and SF1, whereas in Chontaloma, we sampled in pastures for cattle (P). For the capture sessions, we used 4-7 mist nets of variable sizes (6, 9 and 10 meters), opened between 19:00 pm to 00:30 am (Arias and Pacheco, 2019; Novoa et al. 2011). We placed capture stations on closed trails, mountain ridges, near water sources, and potential flight sit..., , # Dietary items recorded in Chocoan Bats [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gtht76hsv](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gtht76hsv) This file contains original datasets collected for performing analyses of niche breadth, niche overlap, and ecological relationships. ## Description of the data and file structure Data are organized by 4 types of habitats, primary forest (PF1), secondary forest in natural regeneration (SF1), secondary forest in assisted regeneration (SF2), pastures for cattle (P), and a summarized data set among all the habitats. Bats are in rows, and each dietary item is recorded in columns. Users can use these data for any type of ecological analysis or simulation in R or another console. ## Code/Software Each one of these matrix must be charged in R Studio and R 4.1.0. For replicating null models and other analyses, its necessary to use the next R packages: bipartite, bipartite d3, spaa, vegan, cluster, ecosimr. A detailed tutorial for some of these packages is found here:...人类活动干扰已压缩了部分哺乳类物种生存所需的三大基础生态位（niche）维度：空间、时间与资源。多项研究表明，人类活动导致生态功能丧失的速度远快于物种本身的灭绝速率。然而，人类活动干扰对蝙蝠群落的生态位结构与生态关系的影响仍鲜为人知。 基于生境管理用途，本研究在厄瓜多尔安第斯乔科（Ecuadorian Andean Chocó）区域划定了4类生境：原始林（primary forest, PF）、自然更新次生林（secondary forest in natural regeneration, SF1）、人工辅助更新次生林（secondary forest in assisted regeneration, SF2）以及牛牧场（pastures for cattle, P）。我们依托上述生境，探究林下果食性蝙蝠的营养生态位（trophic niche）响应与群落生态关系。本研究结果显示，受干扰生境（SF1、SF2与P）中的生态位重叠度更高，而群落生态关系则更弱。这表明蝙蝠群落及其提供的生态系统服务受到显著影响…… 采样工作按照农历周期安排，避开满月时段——因多数蝙蝠物种会调整活动模式以降低被捕食风险。本次采样在2月开展12个夜次、3月开展11个夜次、5月开展12个夜次。在此期间，我们分别在马什皮 Lodge（Mashpi Lodge）的原始林（PF）、潘比利尼奥（Pambiliño）与琼托洛马（Chontaloma）的自然更新次生林（SF1），以及琼托洛马的人工辅助更新次生林（SF2）中布设网具捕获蝙蝠。此外，2021年7-8月间，我们在马什皮松戈（Mashpi Shungo）与琼托洛马保护区之间开展了为期9个夜次的采样工作：在马什皮松戈，采样点设置于原始林与SF1生境；在琼托洛马，采样点设置于牛牧场（P）。 本次捕获作业采用4-7张不同规格（6米、9米与10米）的雾网（mist nets），布设时间为每日19:00至次日00:30（参考文献：Arias与Pacheco, 2019；Novoa等人, 2011）。捕获站位设置于封闭步道、山脊、水源附近以及潜在的飞行停歇点…… # 乔科地区蝙蝠的食性记录 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gtht76hsv](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gtht76hsv) 本数据集包含用于生态位宽度、生态位重叠度与群落生态关系分析的原始采集数据。 ## 数据与文件结构说明 数据按照4类生境组织：原始林（PF1）、自然更新次生林（SF1）、人工辅助更新次生林（SF2）、牛牧场（P），以及包含所有生境的汇总数据集。数据以蝙蝠物种为行，以各类食性类群为列进行排布。使用者可将该数据集用于R或其他控制台环境下的各类生态分析或模拟研究。 ## 代码与软件 所有矩阵文件需在R Studio与R 4.1.0环境中加载。若要复现零模型及其他分析，需安装以下R包：bipartite、bipartite d3、spaa、vegan、cluster、ecosimr。 部分包的详细教程可通过以下链接获取：……