Ordre eller opfordring? Direktive sproghandlinger i dansk-russiske filmoversættelser

The article compares directive utterances from Danish film-dialogues with their translations into Russian. The attention is focused on some typical deviations between the two languages in pragmatic meanings communicated by their imperative structures and other volitive utterances. Those deviations stem from basic differences between Danish and Russian which belong to different communicative supertypes as described in Per Durst-Andersen’s cognitive-semiotic theory of human communication. Danish as a hearer-oriented language is developing a special paradigm of analytic imperative structures aimed at denoting different levels of communicative contract between the speaker and the hearer. Unlike Danish, forms of imperative in Russian, a typical reality-oriented language, denote different levels of the speaker’s volitive impact on the hearer.