绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽滞育的初步研究

近年来，随着棉田种植结构的调整，我国大部分棉区盲蝽种群发生数量剧增，危害加重，已经取代棉铃虫成为了棉花上最重要的致灾性害虫，并波及了枣、葡萄等多种作物.绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum和中黑盲蝽Adelphocoris suturalis是分布在长江流域和黄河流域的非常重要的两个种.越冬是绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽生活史中重要的组成部分，本文首先明确了绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽以滞育卵越冬，然后对两种盲蝽卵滞育的诱导因子、解除因子及其地区间的差异进行了初步研究，为绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽越冬种群的预测预报奠定了基础，对指导防治具有重要意义.主要研究结果如下:绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽以卵越冬，绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽的越冬卵在室内适宜条件(温度26℃，湿度80±5%RH，光照:L:D=16:8)下不能像非滞育卵一样正常孵化，说明了绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽以卵滞育进行越冬的特性.绿盲蝽非滞育卵在室内适宜条件下孵化5 d以后出现红色眼点，随后卵变为黄绿色，而滞育卵同样条件下进行孵化并不出现红色眼点且颜色为黄色.中黑盲蝽的非滞育卵有呼吸角，在室内适宜条件下孵化5 d有红色眼点出现，而滞育卵没有呼吸角，同样条件下无红色眼点出现.这些特征可用于区分绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽的滞育卵与非滞育卵.光周期是诱导两种盲蝽滞育的主要因素，而温度对绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽滞育的诱导无明显作用.绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽在若虫期接受短光照处理才能产生滞育个体，敏感虫态为若虫.相同的光周期诱导不同龄期的若虫所得的滞育率不同，随龄期增加滞育率下降.以一龄若虫为标准，绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽的临界光周期分别为13h16min、13h14min.4℃低温和全日照处理30 d以上都能有效解除两种盲蝽卵的滞育，35℃高温不能解除绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽卵的滞育.不同地理种群所产卵的滞育率变化趋势不同.以室内适宜条件下饲养后第一天所产卵的滞育率为参考，滞育率随纬度的升高而下降.在室内适宜条件下饲养的不同地区绿盲蝽末代成虫前期所产的卵滞育率都很高，达到80%以上，但是除河南种群以外，山东、河北、江苏和北京种群的卵滞育率均随产卵日期的增加逐渐下降.在室内适宜条件下饲养的河南地区不同时期采集的两种盲蝽自然种群在8月底就开始产下部分滞育卵.而到了9月中旬以后，绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽产下的大部分卵已经进入滞育状态.8月27日采集的绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽种群所产卵的滞育率随产卵日期的增加而降低，与山东、河北、江苏和北京种群相似，而其它日期采集的种群的卵滞育率不随时间变化.

In recent years, with the adjustment of cotton field planting structure, the population density of mirid bugs has increased dramatically in most cotton-growing areas of China, and their damage has intensified, having replaced cotton bollworm as the most important devastating pest on cotton, and also infested multiple crops such as jujube and grape. Apolygus lucorum and Adelphocoris suturalis are two highly significant species distributed in the Yangtze River Basin and the Yellow River Basin. Overwintering is a critical part of the life cycle of A. lucorum and A. suturalis. This study first confirmed that both species overwinter as diapause eggs, then conducted preliminary research on the induction factors, termination factors of egg diapause, and inter-regional differences of the two mirid species, laying a foundation for the forecasting of overwintering populations of A. lucorum and A. suturalis, which is of great significance for guiding pest control. The main research results are as follows: Both A. lucorum and A. suturalis overwinter as eggs. The overwintering eggs of the two mirid species cannot hatch normally under indoor suitable conditions (temperature 26℃, humidity 80±5% RH, photoperiod L:D=16:8), unlike non-diapause eggs, which verifies that the two mirid bugs overwinter through egg diapause. For non-diapause eggs of A. lucorum, red eye spots appear 5 days after the onset of hatching under indoor suitable conditions, and then the eggs turn yellowish-green. However, diapause eggs do not develop red eye spots and remain yellow under the same conditions. Non-diapause eggs of A. suturalis have respiratory horns, and red eye spots appear 5 days after hatching under indoor suitable conditions, while diapause eggs have no respiratory horns and no red eye spots under the same conditions. These characteristics can be used to distinguish diapause eggs from non-diapause eggs of both A. lucorum and A. suturalis. Photoperiod is the main factor inducing diapause in the two mirid species, while temperature has no significant effect on the induction of diapause in A. lucorum and A. suturalis. Both species can produce diapause individuals only when nymphs are exposed to short-day photoperiods, and the sensitive developmental stage is the nymphal stage. The diapause rate varies among nymphs of different instars induced by the same photoperiod, with the diapause rate decreasing as the instar increases. Taking first-instar nymphs as the standard, the critical photoperiods of A. lucorum and A. suturalis are 13h16min and 13h14min, respectively. Low-temperature treatment at 4℃ and full-day photoperiod treatment for more than 30 days can effectively terminate the diapause of eggs of both mirid species, while high-temperature treatment at 35℃ cannot terminate the diapause of their eggs. The variation trend of egg diapause rate differs among different geographic populations. Taking the diapause rate of eggs laid on the first day after rearing under indoor suitable conditions as a reference, the diapause rate decreases with increasing latitude. The egg diapause rates of A. lucorum from different regions reared under indoor suitable conditions during the pre-oviposition period of the final generation adults are very high, reaching over 80%. However, except for the Henan population, the egg diapause rates of Shandong, Hebei, Jiangsu, and Beijing populations gradually decrease with the increase of oviposition date. Natural populations of the two mirid species collected from Henan at different periods and reared under indoor suitable conditions start to lay some diapause eggs as early as late August. After mid-September, most eggs laid by A. lucorum and A. suturalis have entered diapause. For the population collected on August 27, the egg diapause rate decreases with the increase of oviposition date, which is similar to the Shandong, Hebei, Jiangsu, and Beijing populations, while the egg diapause rates of populations collected on other dates do not change over time.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽的滞育研究，揭示了它们以卵越冬的特性、滞育的诱导和解除机制，以及不同地理种群滞育率的时空变化规律。研究通过分析光周期、温度等因子，明确了滞育的敏感虫期为若虫期，并探讨了4℃低温和全日照处理对滞育解除的有效性。这些发现为预测和防治这两种重要害虫提供了科学依据，具有重要的农业应用价值。