Additive effects of mode of delivery, prenatal antibiotic exposure, and parental history of allergic diseases on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) at 1 year of age.

*Adjusted for gestational age at birth, sex, pre-pregnancy maternal body-mass index, maternal age at delivery, maternal education level, prenatal exposure to smoke, prenatal exposure to pets, and presence of older sibling(s). †Risk factors were: parental history of allergic diseases, prenatal use of antibiotics, and cesarean delivery.