TABLE 1 in A state-of-art review of Loricariidae (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes) cytogenetics

TABLE 1 | Review of cytogenetic data by subfamily of Loricariidae published as articles. Geographical coordinates ending with asterisk indicates mismatched coordinates. Diploid number (2n), fundamental number (NF), karyotype formula (KF), sex chromosome system (SCS) are displayed.
Subfamily/ GenusSpeciesLocalityLatitudeLongitudeBasin2nNFAgNOR - 18SKFSCSReference/ ObservationLoricariinaeBrochiloricariamacrodon (Kner, 1853)58♀ ♂7818m + 2sm + 38st/aMichele et al. (1977). Reported as Loricaria macrodonFarlowellaamazonum (Günther, 1864)Agua Boa stream, Mundo Novo, MS, Brazil58♀ ♂110Simple6m + 38sm + 8st + 6aFernandes et al. (2012)amazonumDourado stream, Japorã, MS, Brazil23°51'04.9"S54°09' 51.1"WIguatemi - Paraná58♀ ♂110Simple12m + 30sm + 10st + 6aFernandes et al. (2015)cf. amazonumParaná do Piloto, Barcelos, AM, Brazil0°56' 04.8"S62°58'01.6"WNegro - Amazonas58♀ ♂116Simple14m + 30sm + 14stMarajó et al. (2018)schreitmuelleri Arnold, 1936Jundiá stream, Manaus, AM, Brazil2°19' 43.8"S60°04'40.4"WCuieiras - Amazonas58♀ ♂112Simple10m + 30sm + 14st + 4aMarajó et al. (2018)hahni Meinken, 1937Dourado stream, Mundo Novo, MS, Brazil23°51'04.9"S54°26'31.4"WParaná58♀ ♂110Simple12m + 30sm + 10st + 6aFernandes et al. (2021)hahniIguaçu River, Capanema, PR, Brazil25°38'18.7"S54°28'01.7"WParaná58♀ ♂112Simple12m + 20sm + 22st + 4aFernandes et al. (2021)Harttiacarvalhoi Miranda Ribeiro, 1939Ribeirão grande, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil22°46'03.0"S45°26' 07.1"WParaÍba do Sul52♀, 53♂Simple18m + 18sm + 8st + 8a or 17m + 18sm + 8st + 10aXX/XY 1 Y 2Centofante et al. (2006)carvalhoiPindamonhangaba, SP, BrazilParaÍba do Sul52♀, 53♂Simple16m + 16sm + 12st + 8a ♀, 15m + 16sm + 12st + 10a ♂XX/XY 1 Y 2Blanco et al. (2013, 2017); Deon et al. (2022a,b)Alves et al. (2003). Reportedcarvalhoi52♀ ♂Simple30m /sm + 20st/aas Harttia loricariformis, corrected in Centofante etal. (2006)dissidens Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001Tambor stream,Rurópolis, PA,4°05' 37.8"S55°00'30.2"W54♀ ♂92Simple20m + 26sm + 8aSassi et al. (2021, 2023 a,b)Brazilduriventris Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001Parauapebas River, Canaã dos Carajás, PA, Brazil6°30' 06.5"S50°02' 35.3"WTocantins-Araguaia55♂, 56♀96, 98Simple16m + 16sm + 16st + 8a ♀, 17m + 16sm + 16st + 6a ♂X 1X1X2 X 2 / X 1 X 2 YSassi et al. (2020, 2023 a,b)Machadinhogracilis Oyakawa, 1993stream, Santo Antonio do Pin-22°48'31.0"S45°41'21.0"WSapucaÍ-Mirim58♀ ♂Simple20m + 22sm + 8st + 8aBlanco et al. (2017); Deon et al. (2022a,b)hal, MG, Brazilguianensis Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001ParaÍso stream, Alenquer, PA, Brazil1°29' 02.2"S54°50'31.2"W58♀ ♂96Simple20m + 26sm + 2st + 10aSassi et al., 2021, 2023 a,bintermontana Oliveira & Oyakawa, 2019Piranga River, CarandaÍ, MG, Brazil20°59'34.0"S43°43' 30.0"W52♀, 53♂90, 9114m + 12sm + 12st + 14a ♀, 13m + 12sm + 13st + 15a ♂XX/XY 1 Y 2Deon et al. (2020, 2022)kronei Miranda Ribeiro, 190858♀ ♂Simple40m /sm + 18st/aAlves et al. (2003)kroneiAçungui River, Campo Largo, PR, BrazilRibeira58 ♀ ♂106Simple14m + 20sm + 14st + 10aBlanco et al. (2013, 2017); Deon et al. (2022a,b)longipinna Langeani, Oyakawa & Montoya-Burgos, 2001São Francisco River, Pirapora, MG, Brazil17°21' 22.3"S44°56' 59.5"WSão Francisco58♀ ♂102Simple16m + 12sm + 16st + 14a + 0-2BsBlanco et al. (2013, 2017); Deon et al. (2022a,b)loricariformis Steindachner, 1877Paraitinga River, Silveiras, SP, Brazil22°52' 22.5"S44°51' 00.4"WParaÍba do Sul56♀ ♂10616m + 22sm + 10st + 8aKavalco et al. (2004, 2005); Blanco et al. (2017); Deon et al. (2022a,b)punctata Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001Itiquira River, Formosa, GO, Brazil15°19'25.0"S47°25' 26.0"WTocantins-Araguaia57 ♂, 58♀116Simple16m + 20sm + 12st + 10a ♀, 16m + 21sm + 12st + 8a ♂X 1 X 1 X 2 X 2 / X 1 X 2 YBlanco et al. (2014, 2017); Deon et al. (2022); Sassi et al. (2021, 2023 a)rondoni Oyakawa, Fichberg & Rapp Py-Daniel, 201813 de MaioRiver, Cachoeira da Serra, PA,8°38' 53.0"S55°01'41.0"WXingu - Amazon54♀ ♂100Simple20m + 26sm + 4st + 4aXX/XYSassi et al. (2020, 2023 a,b)Brazilsp. 1Macacos stream, Silveiras, SP, Brazil22°40'43.0"S44°51' 25.0"W56♀, 57♂9414m + 14sm + 10st + 18a ♀, 13m + 14sm + 10st + 20a ♂XX/XY 1 Y 2Deon et al. (2020, 2022a,b)Barra Grandesp. 2River, Prudentópolis, PR,24°58'40.7"S51°07' 34.3"W62♀ ♂10416m + 14sm + 12st + 20aDeon et al. (2020, 2022a,b)Brazilsp. 3Rio do Peixe, Cachoeira da Serra, PA, Brazil8°39'20.7"S55°09' 24.1"W54♀ ♂96Simple16m + 18sm + 14st + 6aSassi et al. (2021, 2023 a,b)torrenticola Oyakawa, 1993Araras stream, BrazilSão Francisco56♀ ♂98Simple16m + 10sm + 16st + 14aBlanco et al. (2012a, 2017); Deon et al. (2022a,b)Harttiavillasboas Oyakawa, Fichberg & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2018Curuá River, Cachoeira da Serra, PA, Brazil8°44'09.0"S54°57' 46.0"WXingu - Amazon55♂, 56♀96, 98Simple18m + 24sm + 6st + 8a ♀, 19m + 24sm + 6st + 6a ♂X1X1X2X2/ X 1 X 2 YSassi et al. (2020, 2023 a,b)Hemiodontichthyssp. 1São Francisco stream, BrazilPurus46♀ ♂42m /sm + 4st/aCarvalho et al. (2018)sp. 2Iquiri stream, BrazilPurus58♀ ♂28m /sm + 30st/aCarvalho et al. (2018)Loricariacataphracta Linnaeus, 1758Córrego da Onça, Coxim, MS, BrazilParaguai64♀ ♂86Simple and Multiple12m + 8sm + 2st + 42aPorto et al. (2014b)cataphracta647612m /sm + 52st/aFenocchio et al. (2003). Reported as Loricaria carinatacf. cataphractaIguaçu River, BrazilParaná64♀ ♂Simple12m + 8sm + 2st + 42aTakagui et al. (2020)simillima Regan, 1904Paraná River, Brazil27°06'22.5"S55°31'20.0"WParaná64♀ ♂88Simple12m + 12sm + 40st/aBenitez et al. (2017)simillimaMiranda River, BrazilParaguai64 ♀ ♂Simple12m + 8sm + 2st + 42aTakagui et al. (2020)CapivaraLoricariichthysanus (Valenciennes, 1835)stream, Laguna dos Patos sys-30°17'34.0"S51°19'21.2"W54♀ ♂82Simple10m + 18sm + 26aTakagui et al. (2014)tem, RS, BrazilItapeva Lagoon,anusTramandaÍ sys-29°32' 11.9"S49°55' 47.9"W54♀ ♂80Simple10m + 16sm + 28aTakagui et al. (2014)tem, BrazilChimirayanusstream, Argen-28°05' 49.4"S55°41' 37.3"WUruguay54♀ ♂82Simple10m + 18sm + 26aTakagui et al. (2014)tinaanusIguaçu River, BrazilParaná54♀ ♂Simple14m + 14sm + 26aTakagui et al. (2020)maculatus (Bloch, 1794)La Plata567822m /sm + 34st/aFenocchio et al. (2003)platymetopon Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979Jacutinga River, Brazil23°13'25.3"S50°58' 47.4"WParanapanema54♀ ♂80Simple10m + 16sm + 28aTakagui et al. (2014)platymetoponParanapanema River, Brazil22°42' 30.3"S51°04'08.4"W54♀ ♂80Simple10m + 16sm + 28aTakagui et al. (2014)platymetoponMiranda River, Brazil54♀ ♂Simple10m + 16sm + 28aTakagui et al. (2020)Pyxiloricariamenezesi Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1984Miranda River, BrazilParaná68♀ ♂Simple8m + 6sm + 2st + 52aTakagui et al. (2020)Proloricariaprolixa (Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1978)Três Bocas stream, BrazilParaná62♀ ♂Simple20m + 6sm + 36aTakagui et al. (2020)Rineloricariaaequalicuspis Reis & Cardoso, 2001Maquine River, RS, Brazil29°39'10.4"S50°12' 31.8"WSoutheast Atlantic68♀ ♂Simple68st/aVenturelli et al. (2021)cadeae (Hensel, 1868)66♀ ♂2m + 64st/aAlves et al. (2003)cadeaeGuaÍba Lake, RS, Brazil64♀ ♂Simple2m /sm + 62st/aMaia et al. (2010)cadeaeForquetinha River, RS, Brazil29°24'22.4"S52°03'19.2"W64♀ ♂Simple64st/aVenturelli et al. (2021)capitonia Ghazzi, 2008Uruguai River, São Carlos, SC, BrazilUruguai64♀ ♂70Simple4m + 2sm + 58st/aPrimo et al. (2017)kronei (Miranda Ribeiro, 1911)Itapocu River, Santa Catarina, Brazil64♀ ♂6m /sm + 58st/aAlves et al. (2003)lanceolata (Günther, 1868)Onça Stream, Coxim, MS, Brazil18°32' 20.0"S54°33'43.0"W48♀ ♂54Multiple4m + 2st + 42aPorto et al. (2014a)lanceolataOnça Stream, Coxim, MS, Brazil18°32' 20.0"S54°33'43.0"W48♀ ♂53Multiple3m + 2st + 43aPorto et al. (2014a)lanceolataOnça Stream, Coxim, MS, Brazil18°32'20.0"S54°33' 43.0"W48♀ ♂55Multiple3m + 2sm + 2st + 41aPorto et al. (2014a)lanceolataOnça Stream, Coxim, MS, Brazil18°32'20.0"S54°33' 43.0"W47♀ ♂54Multiple4m + 1sm + 2st + 40aPorto et al. (2014a)lanceolataOnça Stream, Coxim, MS, Brazil18°32'20.0"S54°33' 43.0"W47♀ ♂53Multiple3m + 1sm + 2st + 41aPorto et al. (2014a)lanceolataOnça Stream, Coxim, MS, Brazil18°32'20.0"S54°33' 43.0"W47♀ ♂52Multiple2m + 1sm + 2st + 42aPorto et al. (2014a)lanceolataOnça Stream, Coxim, MS, Brazil18°32'20.0"S54°33' 43.0"W46♀ ♂54Multiple4m + 2sm + 2st + 38aPorto et al. (2014a)lanceolataOnça Stream, Coxim, MS, Brazil18°32'20.0"S54°33' 43.0"W46♀ ♂53Multiple3m + 2sm + 2st + 39aPorto et al. (2014a)lanceolataOnça Stream, Coxim, MS, Brazil18°32'20.0"S54°33' 43.0"W46♀ ♂52Multiple2m + 2sm + 2st + 40aPorto et al. (2014a)RineloricarialanceolataOnça Stream, Coxim, MS,18°32'20.0"S54°33' 43.0"W45534m + 2sm + 37aPorto et al. (2014a)Brazillatirostris (Boulenger, 1900)Laranjinha River, Ventania, PR, BrazilCinzas46♀ ♂60Simple10m + 4sm + 32st/aPrimo et al. (2017)Barra GrandelatirostrisRiver, Prudentópolis, PR,IvaÍ46♀ ♂60Simple10m + 4sm + 32st/aPrimo et al. (2017)BrazilDas PedraslatirostrisRiver, Ventania,24°07' 39.29"S50°14'16.21"W46♀ ♂60Simple10m + 4sm + 32st/aGlugoski et al. (2018)PR, BrazilPiumhi River,latirostrisPiumhi, MG,20°31' 55"S46°02'42"W48♀ ♂60Simple6m + 6sm + 36st/aGlugoski et al. (2018)BrazilLaranjinhalatirostrisRiver, Ventania,23°58' 13"S50°14' 01"W46♀ ♂60Simple10m + 4sm + 32st/aGlugoski et al. (2022)PR, BrazilPiumhi River,latirostrisPiumhi, MG,20°31' 55"S46°02' 42"W48♀ ♂60Simple6m + 6sm + 36st/aGlugoski et al. (2022)BrazilRibeira River,Areia stream, orlima (Kner, 1853)Açungui RiverParaná70♀ ♂72Simple2st + 68aRosa et al. (2012)Ponta Grossa,PR, BrazilRibeira River,Areia stream, orlimaAçungui RiverParaná70♀ ♂74Simple2m + 2st + 66aRosa et al. (2012)Ponta Grossa,PR, BrazilRibeira River,Areia stream, orlimaAçungui RiverParaná69♀ ♂72Simple1m + 2st + 66aRosa et al. (2012)Ponta Grossa,PR, BrazilRibeira River,Areia stream, orlimaAçungui RiverParaná69♀ ♂73Simple1m + 1sm + 2st + 65aRosa et al. (2012)Ponta Grossa,PR, BrazilRibeira River,Areia stream, orlimaAçungui RiverParaná68♀ ♂72Simple2m + 2st + 64aRosa et al. (2012)Ponta Grossa,PR, BrazilRibeira River,limaAreia stream, or Açungui River Ponta Grossa,Paraná68♀ ♂74Simple1m + 1m + 2sm + 2st + 62aRosa et al. (2012)PR, BrazilRibeira River,limaAreia stream, or Açungui River Ponta Grossa,Paraná66♀ ♂72Simple2m + 1m + 1m + 2st + 60aRosa et al. (2012)PR, BrazilRibeira River,limaAreia stream, or Açungui River Ponta Grossa,Paraná66♀ ♂72Simple1m + 1m + 1m + 1st + st + 60aRosa et al. (2012)PR, Brazillongicauda Reis, 1983Cerquinha Lagoon, RS, Brazil30°13'56.5"S50°15' 40.9"WSoutheast Atlantic70♀ ♂Simple8m /sm + 62st/aVenturelli et al. (2021)malabarbai Rodriguez & Reis, 2008Forquetinha River, RS, Brazil29°24' 22.4"S52°03'19.2"WSoutheast Atlantic64♀ ♂Simple4m /sm + 60st/aVenturelli et al. (2021)microlepidogaster (Regan, 1904)Forquetinha River, RS, Brazil29°24' 22.4"S52°03'19.2"WSoutheast Atlantic68♀ ♂Simple68st/aVenturelli et al. (2021)n. sp.Betari River, São Paulo, Brazil70♀ ♂2sm + 68aAlves et al. (2003)parva (Boulenger, 1895)48♀ ♂Hinegardner, Rosen (1972). Reported as Loricaria parvaparvaMiranda River, BrazilParaguai60♀ ♂Simple6m /sm + 54st/aTakagui et al. (2020)pentamaculata Langeani & de Araujo, 1994Tauá stream, BrazilParaná56- 59♀ ♂64-658m /sm + 48st/a or 9m /sm + 47st/a + 0-3BsPorto et al., 2010Jacuaca stream,pentamaculatatributary of Tibagi River, PR,56♀ ♂8m /sm + 48st/aMaia et al. (2010)BrazilÁgua do Oitopentamaculatastream, tributary of Tibagi56♀ ♂8m /sm + 48st/aMaia et al. (2010)River, PR, BrazilRineloricariapentamaculataTatupeba stream, BrazilParaná56♀♂64Multiple8m/sm + 48st/aPorto et al. (2011)pentamaculataTauá stream, BrazilParaná56♀♂64-65Simple8m/sm + 48st/a or 9m/sm + 47st/aPorto et al. (2011)pentamaculataKeller River, BrazilParaná56♀♂64Simple8m/sm + 48st/aPorto et al. (2011)Barra GrandepentamaculataRiver, Prudentópolis, PR,IvaÍ56♀♂70Simple4m + 10sm + 42st/aPrimo et al. (2017)BrazilBarra GrandepentamaculataRiver, Prudentópolis, PR,IvaÍ54♀♂64Simple6m + 4sm + 44st/aPrimo et al. (2018)BrazilJuruba River,pentamaculataApucarana, PR,Tibagi56♀♂70Simple4m + 10sm + 42st/aPrimo et al. (2017)BrazilpentamaculataItiz stream, BrazilIvaÍ56♀♂64Simple8m/sm + 48st/aCius et al. (2022)Barra Grandepentamaculata karyomorph Ariver, Prudentópolis, PR,25°05' 21.0"S50°57'22.0"WIvaÍ56♀♂64SimpleGlugoski et al. (2023)BrazilBarra Grandepentamaculata karyomorph Briver, Prudentópolis, PR,25°05' 21.0"S50°57'22.0"WIvaÍ55♀♂64SimpleGlugoski et al. (2023)BrazilBarra Grandepentamaculata karyomorph Criver, Prudentópolis, PR,25°05' 21.0"S50°57' 22.0"WIvaÍ54♀♂64SimpleGlugoski et al. (2023)Brazilquadrensis Reis, 1983Quadros lagoon, RS, Brazil29°44'42.8"S50°06' 54.3"WSoutheast Atlantic70♀♂Simple6m/sm + 64st/aVenturelli et al. (2021)reisi Ghazzi, 2008Chimiray stream, BrazilUruguai60♀♂Simple60st/aTakagui et al. (2020)stellata Ghazzi, 2008Uruguai River, São Carlos, SC, BrazilUruguai54♀♂74Simple6m + 14sm + 34st/aPrimo et al. (2017)strigilata (Hensel, 1868)Forquetinha River, RS, BrazilSoutheast Atlantic68♀♂Simple6m/sm + 62st/aMaia et al. (2010)teffeana (Steindachner, 1879)Tefé River, Tefé, AM, Brazil3°21' 14.9"S64°40'27.9"WAmazon33♂, 34♀34Simple1sm + 32aX1X1X2X2/ X1X2YMarajó et al. (2022)Spatuloricariasp.Xingu River, Altamira, PA, Brazil3°19'30.0"S52°11'10.0"WXingu - Amazon66♀♂92Simple4m + 7sm + 6st + 16aFerreira et al. (2014)Caripetubasp.River, Abaetuba,1°37' 23.5"S48°55'33.0"W66♀♂826m + 10sm + 50aAlmeida et al. (2023)PA, BrazilSturisomabarbatum (Kner, 1853)Miranda River, BrazilParaguai66♀♂Simple20m + 18sm + 16st + 12aTakagui et al. (2020)cf. nigrirostrum Fowler, 1940Araguaia River, Barra do Garças, MT, BrazilTocantins-Araguaia74♀♂20m + 18sm + 36st/aArtoni, Bertollo (2001)HypoptopomatinaeCorumbataiacuestae Britski, 1997Alambari stream, Botucatu, SP, Brazil54♀♂108Simple34m + 20smCristina et al. (2005)cuestaeLapa stream, SP, BrazilParaná54♀♂Simple14m + 10sm + 3st/aCamilo, Moreira Filho (2005)tocantinensis Britski, 1997Vermelho River, Goiás, GO, Brazil54♀♂108Simple28m + 26smCristina et al. (2005)Hisonotusdepressicauda (Miranda Ribeiro, 1918)Santo Inácio River, Bofete, SP, Brazil54♀♂Simple14m + 18sm + 2st + 10aAndreata et al. (1994). Reported as Microlepidogaster depressicaudaleucofrenatus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1908)Poço Grande stream, Juquiá, SP, Brazil54- 56♀♂Simple24m + 26sm + 4st + 2aZZ/ZWAndreata et al. (1993). Reported as Microlepidogaster leucofrenatusZZ/ZWleucofrenatusMarumbi River, Morretes, PR, Brazil54- 56♀♂Simple22m + 24sm + 4st+ 2a(discardedby Andreata et al.,Andreata et al. (1993). Reported as Microlepidogaster leucofrenatus2010)leucofrenatusCavalo stream, Jaraguá do Sul, SC, Brazil54♀♂Simple22m + 24sm + 6st + 2aAndreata et al. (2006)leucofrenatusMarumbi River, Morretes, PR, Brazil54- 55♀♂Simple22m + 24sm + 4st + 2aAndreata et al. (2010)leucofrenatusCavalo stream, Jaraguá do Sul, SC, Brazil54♀♂Simple22m + 24sm + 6st + 2aAndreata et al. (2010)nigricauda (Boulenger, 1891)GuaÍba River, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil54♀♂Simple26m + 20sm + 8stAndreata et al. (2006)Paraitinga River, Salesópolis, SP, BrazilHisonotussp. A54♀ ♂Simple26m + 26sm + 2stAndreata et al. (2006)Grande stream,sp. DPindamonhang-54♀ ♂Simple26m + 26sm + 2stAndreata et al. (2006)aba, SP, BrazilHypoptopomainexspectatum (Holmberg, 1893)PiraÍ River, Poconé, MT, Brazil54♀ ♂82Simple10m + 18sm + 8st + 18aCristina et al. (2005). Reported as Hypoptopoma guentheriIsbrueckerichthysduseni (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907)Açungui River, BrazilRibeira54♀ ♂108Simple20m + 20sm + 14stZiemniczak et al. (2012)Betari River,duseniIporanga, SP,54♀ ♂20m + 20sm + 14stAlves et al. (2005)BrazilKronichthyslacerta (Nichols, 1919)Marumbi River, Morretes, PR, Brazil54♀ ♂20m + 20sm + 14stAlves et al. (2005)Marumbi River,lacertaMorretes, PR,54♀ ♂Simple20m + 20sm + 14stAlves et al. (2012a)BrazillacertaAçungui River, BrazilRibeira54♀ ♂108Simple22m + 22sm + 10stZiemniczak et al. (2012)subteres Miranda Ribeiro, 1908Betari River, Iporanga, SP, Brazil54♀ ♂20m + 20sm + 14stAlves et al. (2005)Microlepidogastersp. AAlambari River, Botucatu, SP, Brazil54♀ ♂Multiple30m + 20sm + 4stAndreata et al. (1994)Móia stream,sp. BPenápolis, SP,54♀ ♂Simple22m + 28sm + 4stAndreata et al. (1994)BrazilNeoplecostomusmicrops (Steindachner, 1877)Paraitinga River, Brazil22°52'22.5"S44°51'41.0"WParaÍba do Sul54♀ ♂10824m + 20sm + 10stKavalco et al. (2004)micropsParaitinga River, Brazil22°52'22.5"S44°51'41.0"WParaÍba do Sul54♀ ♂108Simple24m + 20sm + 10stKavalco et al. (2005)Grande stream,micropsCampos do Jordão, SP,54♀ ♂20m + 20sm + 14stAlves et al. (2005)BrazilmicropsParaÍba do Sul River, Brazil54♀ ♂Simple24m + 20sm + 10stAlves et al. (2012a)paranensis Langeani, 1990Sapateiro stream, Barbacena, MG, Brazil54♀ ♂20m + 20sm + 14stAlves et al. (2005)Hortelã stream,paranensisBotucatu, SP,54♀ ♂20m + 20sm + 14stAlves et al. (2005)Brazilyapo Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008Verde River, PR, BrazilTibagi54♀ ♂108Simple18m + 20sm + 16stZiemniczak et al. (2012)Otocinclusaff. vestitusLivramento River, Belém, PA, Brazil72♀ ♂Simple22m + 12sm + 4st + 34aAndreata et al. (1994)affinis Steindachner, 1877Biguá River, Miracatu, SP, Brazil54♀ ♂Simple46m + 8smAndreata et al. (1994)affinisBonito River, Niterói, RJ, Brazil54♀ ♂Simple40m + 12sm + 12stAndreata et al. (1994)Santo Antônioflexilis Cope, 1894da Patrulha, RS, Brazil54♀ ♂108Simple36m + 18smCristina et al. (2005)vittatus Regan, 1904Taquari River, Coxim, MS, Brazil54♀ ♂108Multiple36m + 18smCristina et al. (2005)Cuiabá River,vittatusSanto Antônio do Leverger,54♀ ♂76Simple12m + 10sm + 14st + 18aCristina et al. (2005)MT, Braziljuquiae Garavello, Britski & Schaefer, 1998Rio Preto stream, Itanhaém, SP, BrazilOtothyris54♀ ♂96Simple32m + 10sm + 12stCristina et al. (2005)travassosi Garavello, Britski & Schaefer, 1998Ribeira da Terra Firme River, Canavieiras, BA, Brazil54♀ ♂96Simple26m + 16sm + 12stCristina et al. (2005)Otothyropsiscf. polyodonCórrego Dourado, MT, Brazil23°51' 04.9"S54°25'13.9"W54♀ ♂108Simple18m + 28sm + 8stFernandes et al. (2016)Pareiorhaphissplendens (Bizerril, 1995)Marumbi River, Morretes, PR, Brazil54♀ ♂20m + 30sm + 4stAlves et al. (2005). Reported as Hemipsilichthys splendensMarumbi River,splendensMorretes, PR,54♀ ♂Simple20m + 20sm + 14stAlves et al. (2012a)BrazilPareiorhaphissplendensSão João River, Garuva, SC, Brazil54♀♂20m + 30sm + 4stAlves et al. (2005). Reported as Hemipsilichthys splendenssteindachneri (Miranda Ribeiro, 1918)Cavalo stream, Jaraguá do Sul, SC, BrazilAlves et al. (2005). Reported54♀♂20m + 20sm + 14stas Hemipsilichthys stein-dachnerivestigipinnis (Pereira & Reis, 1992)Caveiras River,Alves et al. (2005). ReportedPainel, SC,54♀♂20m + 20sm + 14stas Hemipsilichthys vestigipinnisBrazilPareiorhinabrachyrhyncha Chamon, Aranda & Buckup, 2005Ribeirão Grande creek, Pindamonhangaba, SP, BrazilParaÍba do Sul54♀♂Simple18m + 30sm + 6stCentofante et al. (2011)rudolphi (Miranda Ribeiro, 1911)Convento stream, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil54♀♂26m + 16sm + 12stAlves et al. (2005)Marimbondorudolphicreek, Visconde de Mauá, RJ,ParaÍba do Sul54♀♂Simple18m + 32sm + 4stCentofante et al. (2011)BrazilParotocinclusmaculicauda (Steindachner, 1877)Açungui River, BrazilRibeira54♀♂108Simple20m + 20sm + 14stZiemniczak et al. (2012)maculicaudaPoço Grande stream, Juquiá, SP, Brazil54♀♂Simple20m + 32sm + 2stAndreata et al. (1994)Pseudotocinclustietensis (Ihering, 1907)Tietê River, Paranapiacaba, SP, Brazil54♀♂Simple26m + 20sm + 6stXX/XYAndreata et al. (1992)Juquiá River,n. sp.Juquitiba, SP,54♀♂Simple22m + 24sm + 8stCristina et al. (2005)BrazilTributary ofPseudotothyrisobtusa (Miranda Ribeiro, 1911)Itanhaém River, Itanhaém, SP,54♀♂Simple26m + 18sm + 4st + 6aAndreata et al. (1994)Brazilguentheri (Miranda Ribeiro, 1918)Parati-Mirim stream, Parati, RJ, BrazilSchizolecis54♀♂102Simple30m + 18sm + 6aCristina et al. (2005)SÍtio do Meioguentheristream, Mon-54♀♂102Simple30m + 18sm + 6aCristina et al. (2005)gaguá, SP, BrazilDescobertoguentheristream, Guara-54♀♂102Simple30m + 18sm + 6aCristina et al. (2005)tuba, PR, BrazilGaruva River,guentheriGaruva, SC,54♀♂102Simple30m + 18sm + 6aCristina et al. (2005)BrazilHypostominaeAncistomusspilomma (Cardoso & Lucinda, 2003)Araguaia River, Pontal do Araguaia, MT,Brazil15°50' 15.0"S51°58'43.0"W52♀♂Multiple25m + 21sm + 6st ♀, 24m + 22sm + 6st ♂ZZ/ZWOliveira et al. (2006). Reported as Hemiancistrus spilommaspinosissimus (Cardoso & Lucinda, 2003)Araguaia River, Pontal do Araguaia, MT,BrazilOliveira et al. (2006). Re-15°50' 15.0"S51°58'43.0"W52♀♂Simple26m + 22sm + 4stported as HemiancistrusspinosissimusfeldbergaePA, Brazil52♀♂Simple38m/sm + 14stPety et al. (2018). Reported as Peckoltia feldbergaeAncistrusabilhoai Bifi, Pavanelli & Zawadzki, 2009Iguaçu River, União da Vitória, PR, Brazil26°15'64''S *51°06' 28''W*48♀♂90Simple22m + 14sm + 6st + 6aRibeiro et al. (2015)Timbó River,abilhoaiSanta Cruz do Timbó, SC,26°30'37.0"S50°46'55.0"W48♀♂90Simple22m + 14sm + 6st + 6aRibeiro et al. (2015)BrazilAiapuá Lake,aff. dolichopterus Kner, 1854Piagaçu-Purus Sustainable Development Reserve, AM,4°27'26.0"S62°11'56.0"W52♀♂78, 79Simple16m + 8sm + 2st + 26a ♂, 16m + 9sm + 2st + 25a ♀ZZ/ZWOliveira et al. (2007)BrazilAiapuá Lake,aff. dolichopterusPiagaçu-Purus Sustainable Development Reserve, AM,4°27'26.0"S62°11'56.0"W52♀♂78, 79Simple16m + 8sm + 2st + 26a ♂, 16m + 9sm + 2st + 25a ♀ZZ/ZWFavarato et al. (2016). Reported as Ancistrus sp. BalbinaBrazilaguaboensis Fisch-Muller, Mazzoni & Weber, 2001Ribeirão Bandeirinha, GO, BrazilTocantins-Araguaia50♀♂86Simple16m + 10sm + 4st + 20aGlugoski et al. (2020)aguaboensisRibeirão Bandeirinha, GO, BrazilTocantins-Araguaia50♀♂86Simple16m + 10sm + 4st + 20aSchott et al. (2022)Ancistruscf. dubius Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889Serra das Araras, Barra do Bugres, MT, Brazil44♀ ♂Simple18m + 10sm + 16st/aZZ/ZWMariotto et al. (2004)Coxipó River,cf. dubiusChapada dos Guimarães, MT,42♀ ♂8424m + 10sm + 8stMariotto et al. (2006)BrazilPari creek,cf. dubiusCuiabá, MT,42♀ ♂8424m + 10sm + 8stXX/XYMariotto et al. (2006)BrazilFlechas creek,cf. dubiusCáceres, MT,42♀ ♂8424m + 10sm + 8stXX/XYMariotto et al. (2006)BrazilFundo creek,cf. dubiusPoconé, MT,42♀ ♂8424m + 10sm + 8stXX/XYMariotto et al. (2006)Brazilcf. dubiusFlechas stream, Brazil15°58' 07.0"S57°19' 07.0"WParaguai42♀ ♂84Simple24m + 10sm + 8stXX/XYMariotto et al. (2011)cf. dubiusFundo stream, Brazil16°14'17.0"S56°37' 31.0"WParaguai42♀ ♂84Simple24m + 10sm + 8stXX/XYMariotto et al. (2011)cf. dubiusPari stream, Brazil15°36' 06.0"S56°12' 19.0"WParaguai42♀ ♂84Simple24m + 10sm + 8stXX/XYMariotto et al. (2011)cf. multispinis (Regan, 1912)Ribeirão Grande, SP, BrazilParaÍba do Sul52♀ ♂84Simple16m + 10sm + 6st + 20aGlugoski et al. (2020)cf. multispinisRibeirão Grande, SP, BrazilParaÍba do Sul52♀ ♂84Simple16m + 10sm + 6st + 20aSchott et al. (2022)cirrhosus (Valenciennes, 1836)Maracapucú River, Abaetuba, PA, Brazil1°45'29.2"S48°56' 57.0"WTocantins-Araguaia34♀ ♂68Simple20m + 14smSantos da Silva et al. (2023)cirrhosusIlha do Capim, Abaetuba, PA, Brazil1°34' 02.8"S48°51' 49.1"WTocantins-Araguaia34♀ ♂68Simple20m + 14smSantos da Silva et al. (2023). Reported as Ancistrus sp. 2cirrhosusMaracapucú River, Abaetuba, PA, Brazil1°45'29.2"S48°56' 57.0"WTocantins-Araguaia34♀ ♂68Simple20m + 14smSantos da Silva et al. (2022a). Reported as Ancistrus sp. 2cirrhosusIlha do Capim, Abaetuba, PA, Brazil1°34'02.8"S48°51' 49.1"WTocantins-Araguaia34♀ ♂68Simple20m + 14smSantos da Silva et al. (2022a)claro Knaack, 1999Coxipó River, Brazil15°21'59.0"S55°57' 11.0"WParaguai54♀ ♂84Simple14m + 8sm + 8st + 24aMariotto et al. (2011)Coxipó River,claroChapada dos Guimarães, MT,15°21' 00.0"S55°57'00.0"WParaguai54♀ ♂84Simple14m + 8sm + 8st + 24aMariotto et al. (2013)Brazilclementinae Rendahl, 1937RÍo Palenque (Cantón Pasaje), Ecuador52♂, 53♀100, 101Simple48m /sm + 5a ♀, 48m / sm + 4st/a ♂ZZ/ ZW1W2Nirchio et al. (2023)RÍo La Moquil-clementinaelada (Cantón Las Lajas), Ec-52♂, 53♀100, 101Simple48m /sm + 5a ♀, 48m / sm + 4st/a ♂ZZ/ ZW1W2Nirchio et al. (2023)uadorcuiabae Knaack, 1999Arrombado, Poconé, MT, Brazil16°21' 21.0"S56°27'55.0"W34♀ ♂68Simple20m + 8sm + 6stMariotto et al. (2009)cuiabaeArrombado, Poconé, MT, Brazil16°21' 21.0"S56°27'55.0"W34♀ ♂67Multiple19m + 8sm + 6st + 1aMariotto et al. (2009)Arrombado,cuiabaePoconé, MT,16°21' 21.0"S56°27'55.0"W34♀ ♂66Simple18m + 8sm + 6st + 2aMariotto et al. (2009)BrazilcuiabaeArrombado bay, Brazil16°21' 21.0"S56°27'55.0"WParaguai34♀ ♂68Simple20m + 8sm + 6stMariotto et al. (2011)dolichopterus Kner, 1854Demeni River, Barcelos, AM, Brazil0°25'19.0"S62°54'42.0"WNegro52♀ ♂79, 8Simple12m + 12sm + 4st + 24a ♂, 11m + 12sm + 4st + 25a ♀Z1Z1Z2Z2/ Z1Z2W1W2Oliveira et al. (2008)dolichopterusDemeni River, Barcelos, AM, Brazil0°25'19.0"S62°54'42.0"WNegro52♀ ♂79, 8Simple12m + 12sm + 4st + 24a ♂, 11m + 12sm + 4st + 25a ♀Z1Z1Z2Z2/ Z1Z2W1W2Favarato et al. (2016)dubius Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889Barretinho stream, Presidente Figueiredo, AM, Brazil1°58' 20.0"S59°29' 48.0"W38♀, 39♂76, 78Simple27m + 10sm + 2st ♂, 26m + 10sm + 2st ♀XX/XY1Y2Oliveira et al. (2008)dubiusBarretinho stream, Presidente Figueiredo, AM, Brazil1°58' 20.0"S59°29' 48.0"W38♀, 39♂76, 78Simple27m + 10sm + 2st ♂, 26m + 10sm + 2st ♀XX/XY1Y2Favarato et al. (2016). Reported as Ancistrus sp. Barcelosmaximus de Oliveira, Zuanon, Zawadzki & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2015Igarapé Macoari, RR, Brazil1°10' 00.0"N61°51' 00.0"W46♀ ♂81, 82Simple18m + 11sm + 6st + 11a ♂, 18m + 12sm + 6st + 10a ♀XX/XYOliveira et al. (2010)maximusIgarapé Macoari, RR, Brazil1°10' 00.0"N61°51' 00.0"W46♀ ♂81, 82Simple18m + 11sm + 6st + 11a ♂, 18m + 12sm + 6st + 10a ♀XX/XYFavarato et al. (2016)Ancistrusmultispinis (Regan, 1912)Itapocu River, SC, Brazil52♀ ♂Simple28m /sm + 24st/aAlves et al. (2003)n. sp. 1São Francisco River, AC, Brazil38♀ ♂Simple30m /sm + 8stAlves et al. (2003)n. sp. 1Vermelho River, GO, Brazil39♂, 40♀Simple33m + 6sm or 34m + 6smXX/X0Alves et al. (2006)n. sp. 2Betari River, SP, Brazil52♀ ♂Simple30m /sm + 20st/aAlves et al. (2003)n. sp. 2Garuva River, SC, Brazil52♀ ♂Simple10m + 16sm + 12st + 14aAlves et al. (2006)ranunculus Muller, Rapp Py-Daniel & Zuanon 1994Xingu River, Altamira, PA,, Brazil3°15' 21.0"S52°12'45.0"WXingu48♀ ♂82Simple20m + 8sm + 6st + 14a ♂, 19m + 9sm + 6st + 14a ♀ZZ/ZWOliveira et al. (2007)Xingu River,20m + 8sm + 6st +Favarato et al. (2016).ranunculusAltamira, PA,3°15' 21.0"S52°12'45.0"WXingu48♀ ♂82Simple14a ♂, 19m + 9sm +ZZ/ZWReported as Ancistrus sp.Brazil6st + 14a ♀PiagaçuCriminososp.stream, MS,18°29'20.0"S54°45' 14.0"WParaguai42♀ ♂84Simple18m + 16sm + 8stPrizon et al. (2016)Brazilsp.IvaÍ River, BrazilIvaÍ50♀ ♂8820m + 12sm + 6st + 12aBarros et al. (2017)sp.IvaÍ River, BrazilIvaÍ50♀ ♂8820m + 12sm + 6st + 12aSchott et al. (2022)Pipa stream,sp. 01Serra de São Vicente, MT,14°33' 00.0"S57°24' 00.0"WParaguai54♀ ♂84Simple14m + 8sm + 8st + 24aMariotto et al. (2013)Brazilsp. 03Pari stream, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil15°36' 00.0"S56°12'00.0"WParaguai54♀ ♂84Simple14m + 8sm + 8st + 24aMariotto et al. (2013)sp. 04Sepotuba River, Brazil14°41' 35.0"S57°48'14.0"WParaguai52♀ ♂82Simple16m + 8sm + 6st + 22aMariotto et al. (2011)São José stream,sp. 04Sepotuba River, Tangará da Ser-14°41' 00.0"S57°48' 00.0"WParaguai52♀ ♂82Simple16m + 8sm + 6st + 22aMariotto et al. (2013)ra, MT, Brazilsp. 06Matrixã River, Brazil10°03' 07.0"S57°36' 27.0"WAmazon50♀ ♂86Simple18m + 10sm + 8st + 14aMariotto et al. (2011)Matrixã River,sp. 06Nova Monte Verde, MT,10°03' 00.0"S57°36'00.0"WAmazon50♀ ♂86Simple18m + 10sm + 8st + 14aMariotto et al. (2013)Brazilsp. 08Currupira River, Brazil15°07' 59.0"S56°49' 47.0"WParaguai44♀ ♂80Simple18m + 10sm + 8st + 8aZZ /ZWMariotto et al. (2011)sp. 1Quianduba River, Abaetuba, PA, Brazil1°45'18.2"S49°00'38.8"WTocantins-Araguaia38♀ ♂72Simple20m + 14sm + 4stXX/XYSantos da Silva et al. (2022a)sp. 1Quianduba River, Abaetuba, PA, Brazil1°45' 18.2"S49°00'38.8"WTocantins-Araguaia38♀ ♂72Simple20m + 14sm + 4stXX/XYSantos da Silva et al. (2023)sp. 1Maracapucú River, Abaetuba, PA, Brazil1°45'29.2"S48°56' 57.0"WTocantins-Araguaia38♀ ♂72Simple20m + 14sm + 4stXX/XYSantos da Silva et al. (2023)sp. 1Ilha do Capim, Abaetuba, PA, Brazil1°34'02.8"S48°51'49.1"WTocantins-Araguaia38♀ ♂72Simple20m + 14sm + 4stXX/XYSantos da Silva et al. (2023)sp. 13Salgadinho stream, Brazil14°40' 14.0"S52°21'50.0"WTocantins-Araguaia40♀ ♂80Simple26 m + 10sm + 4stMariotto et al. (2011)Salgadinhosp. 13stream, Nova Xavantina, MT,14°40'00.0"S52°21' 00.0"WTocantins-Araguaia40♀ ♂80Simple30m + 6sm + 4stMariotto et al. (2013)Brazilsp. CatalãoCatalão Lake, AM, Brazil3°10'45.0"S59°54' 25.0"WAmazonas34♀ ♂Simple22m + 8sm + 4stXX/XYFavarato et al. (2016)sp. DimonaFazenda Dimona, Brazil2°19'00.0"S60°04' 00.0"W52♀ ♂78Simple16m + 8sm + 2st + 26aOliveira et al. (2010)sp. L1Mourão River, Brazil50♀ ♂Simple12m + 18sm + 12st + 8aPrizon et al. (2017)sp. L10São Francisco Falso River, Brazil50♀ ♂Simple10m + 18sm + 16st + 6aPrizon et al. (2017)sp. L2Stream 19, Brazil50♀ ♂Simple12m + 18sm + 12st + 8a ♀, 11m + 18sm + 13st + 8a ♂XX/XYPrizon et al. (2017)sp. L3Keller River, Brazil50♀ ♂Simple12m + 18sm + 12st + 8a ♀, 11m + 18sm + 13st + 8a ♂XX/XYPrizon et al. (2017)sp. L6São Francisco Verdadeiro River, Brazil50♀ ♂Simple14m + 16sm + 14st + 6aPrizon et al. (2017)Arroyo Sansp. L8Juan, Misiones, Posada, Argen-50♀ ♂Simple10m + 14sm + 12st + 14aPrizon et al. (2017)tinaAncistrussp. L9OcoÍ River, BrazilParaná50♀ ♂Simple10m + 18sm + 16st + 6aPrizon et al. (2017)sp. PurusPurus River, AM, Brazil4°51' 00.0"S62°38' 00.0"W34♀ ♂68Simple21m + 11sm + 2st ♂, 20m + 12sm + 2st ♀XX /XYOliveira et al. (2010)sp. PurusPurus River, AM, Brazil4°51' 00.0"S62°38' 00.0"W34♀ ♂68Simple21m + 11sm + 2st ♂, 20m + 12sm + 2st ♀XX /XYFavarato et al. (2016). Reported as Ancistrus sp. Macoarisp. TrombetasTrombetas River, PA, Brazil1°27'00.0"S56°21'00.0"WTrombetas38♀ ♂73Simple22m + 8sm + 5st + 3aOliveira et al. (2010)Demeni River,sp. Vermelhomiddle Negro River, AM,0°23'00.0"S62°50'00.0"WNegro42♀ ♂78Simple26m + 6sm + 4st + 6aOliveira et al. (2010)Braziltaunayi Miranda Ribeiro, 1918Cascalho stream, MondaÍ, SC, BrazilUruguai50♀ ♂Simple22m + 10sm + 10st + 8aZZ /ZWKonerat et al. (2015)tombador FischMuller, Cardoso, da Silva & Bertaco, 2005Preto River, Diamantino, MT, Brazil14°40' 00.0"S52°21'00.0"WAmazon50♀ ♂84Simple14m + 12sm + 8st + 16aMariotto et al. (2013)emarginatus (Valenciennes, 1840)Araguaia River, Barra do Garças, MT, BrazilArtoni, Bertollo (2001).Aphanotorulus52♀ ♂Simple16m + 30sm + 6stReported as HypostomusemarginatusAraichthysloro Zawadzki, Bifi & Mariotto, 2016Papagaio River, Brazil12°79′67”S*58°39’02”W *Amazon54♀ ♂108Simple36m + 12sm + 6stMariotto et al. (2019)Baryancistrusaff. niveatusXingu River, Altamira, PA, Brazil3°12'48.0"S52°12'41.7"WXingu - Amazon52♀ ♂104Simple16m + 32sm + 4stSouza et al. (2004)xanthellus Rapp Py-Daniel, Zuanon & de Oliveira, 2011Volta Grande do Xingu, Altamira, PA, Brazil3°36'31.5"S51°34'57.4"WXingu-Amazon52♀ ♂104Simple16m + 28sm + 8stMedeiros et al. (2016)xanthellusVolta Grande do Xingu, Altamira, PA, Brazil3°23' 28.2"S51°44' 29.3"WXingu-Amazon52♀ ♂104Simple16m + 28sm + 8stMedeiros et al. (2016)xanthellusVolta Grande do Xingu, Altamira, PA, Brazil3°22'29.7"S51°42' 25.0"WXingu-Amazon52♀ ♂104Simple16m + 28sm + 8stMedeiros et al. (2016)xanthellusVolta Grande do Xingu, Altamira, PA, Brazil3°35' 38.6"S51°49' 36.0"WXingu-Amazon52♀ ♂104Simple16m + 28sm + 8stMedeiros et al. (2016)Chopotó River,Corymbophanesn. sp.Desterro de54♀ ♂20m + 20sm + 14stAlves et al. (2005)Melo, MG, BrazilAraguaia River,Hemiancistrussp.Barra do Garças,52♀ ♂Simple20m + 20sm + 12st/aArtoni, Bertollo (2001)MT, Brazilcf. debilittera Armbruster, Lujan & Taphorn, 2007HypancistrusUatumã River, AM, BrazilUatumã-Amazon52♀ ♂104Multiple34m /sm + 18stSantos et al. (2023)cf. debilitteraUatumã River, AM, BrazilUatumã-Amazon52♀ ♂105Multiple34m /sm + 18stSilva et al. (2014)L066Xingu River, PA, BrazilXingu-Amazon52♀ ♂104Multiple40m /sm + 12st/aCardoso et al. (2016)L333Xingu River, PA, BrazilXingu-Amazon52♀ ♂104Multiple40m /sm + 12st/aCardoso et al. (2016)Xingu River,sp. "Pão"Belo Monte hy-3°06' 12.8"S51°43'53.9"W52♀ ♂9440m /sm + 12st/aAlmeida et al. (2023)droeletric plantsp. "Pão"Altamira, PA52♀ ♂10422m + 18sm + 12stSantos et al. (2023)zebra Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1991Xingu River, PA, BrazilXingu-Amazon52♀ ♂104Multiple34m /sm + 18stSilva et al. (2014)zebraXingu River, PA, BrazilXingu-Amazon52♀ ♂104Multiple40m /sm + 12st/aCardoso et al. (2016)Xingu River,zebraBelo Monte hy-3°06'12.8"S51°43'53.9"W52♀ ♂9440m /sm + 12st/aAlmeida et al. (2023)droeletric plantzebraAltamira, PA52♀ ♂10416m + 20sm + 16stSilva et al. (2014)Hypostomusaff. agna (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907)Cavalo stream, Jaraguá do Sul, SC, BrazilSouthern Brazil Coast74♀ ♂Multiple8m + 10sm + 32st + 24aMartinez et al. (2011)aff. ancistroides (Ihering, 1911)São Miguel Arcanjo, SP, Brazil23°54'14.3"S47°55'46.8"WParapanema66♀ ♂Multiple16m + 12sm + 12st + 26a ♀, 17m + 12sm + 12st + 25a ♂XX/XYRocha-Reis et al. (2018)aff. ancistroidesKeller River, Brazil23°38' 25.9"S51°51'32.8"W68♀ ♂119, 118Multiple16m + 13sm + 22st + 17a ♀, 16m + 12sm + 22st + 18a ♂ZZ/ZWKamei et al. (2017)aff. ancistroidesPonta Grossa, PR, BrazilTibagi66♀ ♂104Multiple12m + 16sm + 10st + 28aMaurutto et al. (2012)EsparramoHypostomusaff. cochliodon Kner, 1854stream, Rondonópolis, MT,16°30'19.6"S54°40' 31.6"WParaguai64♀ ♂Multiple18m + 20sm + 26st/aBecker et al. (2014)Brazilaff. cochliodonPitaluga stream, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil16°28'38.1"S54°32'08.3"WParaguai64♀ ♂Multiple18m + 20sm + 26st/aBecker et al. (2014)aff. hermanni (Ihering, 1905)Keller River, Brazil23°38' 25.9"S51°51' 32.8"W72♀ ♂124Multiple12m + 22sm + 18st + 20aKamei et al. (2017)aff. paulinus (Ihering, 1905)Piquiri River, PR, Brazil74♀ ♂Simple10m + 12sm + 20st + 32aBueno et al. (2013)Piracicaba Riv-aff. paulinuser, Piracicaba,22°43' 07.0"S47°39'19.0"W76♀ ♂102Simple8m + 18sm + 50st/aRubert et al. (2016)SP, Brazilaff. tietensis (Ihering, 1905)Pirapó River, Brazil23°18'15.0"S51°53' 40.0"WParanapanema76♀ ♂114Simple8m + 6sm + 24st + 38aPaula et al. (2022)aff. tietensisDo Campo River, Brazil24°04'41.0"S52°26' 12.0"WIvaÍ76♀ ♂114Multiple8m + 6sm + 24st + 38aPaula et al. (2022)Mogi Guaçuaff. topavae (Gody, 1969)River, Pirassununga, SP,70♀ ♂102Multiple18m + 14sm + 38st/aArtoni, Bertollo (1996).Reported as Hypostomus sp. ABrazilMogi Guaçuaff. topavaeRiver, Pirassununga, SP,70♀ ♂102Multiple18m + 14sm + 38st/aLorscheider et al. (2015)Brazilaff. unae (Steindachner, 1878)Contas River, Brazil13°51'51.0"S40°04'54.0"WContas76♀ ♂104Simple12m + 16sm + 48st/aBitencourt et al. (2012)aff. unaePreto do Costa River, Brazil13°45'84''S*39°56'47''W *Contas76♀ ♂108Simple12m + 20sm + 44st/aBitencourt et al. (2012)aff. unaeOricó River, Brazil14°08'03.0"S39°21'30.0"WContas76♀ ♂100Simple10m + 14sm + 52st/aBitencourt et al. (2012)Preto doaff. unaeCriciúma River,13°55'45.0"S39°57' 57.0"WContas76♀ ♂106Simple10m + 20sm + 46st/aBitencourt et al. (2012)Brazilaffinis (Steindachner, 1877)JacuÍ stream, Brazil22°52'00.0"S44°51'00.0"WParaÍba do Sul66♀ ♂10614m + 14sm + 12st + 12aKavalco et al. (2004)affinisJacuÍ stream, Brazil22°52'00.0"S44°51'00.0"WParaÍba do Sul66♀ ♂106Multiple14m + 14sm + 12st + 12aKavalco et al. (2005)affinisJacuÍ creek, Cunha, SP, Brazil23°02' 25.9"S44°56'02.7"WParaÍba do Sul66♀ ♂104Multiple12m + 12sm + 14st + 28aBrandão et al. (2018)affinisParaÍba do Sul River, Itaocara, RJ, Brazil21°39'41.1"S42°04' 28.3"WParaÍba do Sul66♀ ♂104Multiple12m + 12sm + 14st + 28aBrandão et al. (2018)Mogi Guaçualbopunctatus (Regan, 1908)River, Pirassununga, SP,74♀ ♂104Multiple10m + 20sm + 44st/aArtoni, Bertollo (1996)BrazilalbopunctatusPiquiri River, Brazil74♀ ♂Multiple8m + 14sm + 16st + 36aBueno et al. (2013)albopunctatusPiquiri River, Nova Laranjeiras, Brazil24°56' 54.0"S52°35'49.0"W74♀ ♂Simple8m + 14sm + 16st + 36aBueno et al. (2014)albopunctatusPiracicaba River, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil22°43' 07.0"S47°39'19.0"W74♀ ♂104Multiple10m + 20sm + 44st/aRubert et al. (2016)Mogi GuaçualbopunctatusRiver, Pirassununga, SP,74♀ ♂104Multiple10m + 20sm + 44st/aLorscheider et al. (2015)BrazilPiracicaba Riv-albopunctatuser, Piracicaba,22°43' 07.0"S47°39' 19.0"W74♀ ♂10 + 18sm + 46st/aRubert et al. (2022)SP, Brazilancistroides (Ihering, 1911)68♀ ♂105M, 106F10m + 27sm + 31st/a ♂, 10m + 28sm + 30st/a ♀Michele et al. (1977)ancistroidesRio Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP, Brazil68♀ ♂102Multiple16m + 18sm + 34st/aArtoni, Bertollo (1996). Reported as Plecostomus strigaticepsancistroidesAraquá River, Botucatu, SP, Brazil68♀ ♂Multiple18m + 10sm + 12st + 28aAlves et al. (2006)ancistroidesParanapanema68 ♀ ♂104Multiple10m + 26sm + 32st/aRubert et al. (2011)ancistroidesCorumbataÍ River, SP, Brazil68♀ ♂Multiple16m + 4sm + 16st + 32aAlves et al. (2012b)ancistroidesPiquiri River, Formosa do Oeste, PR, Brazil68♀ ♂14m + 14sm + 8st + 32aBueno et al. (2012)ancistroidesDourados stream, Mandaguari, PR, BrazilPirapó68♀ ♂Multiple14m + 12sm + 18st + 24aEndo et al. (2012)ancistroidesMaringá stream, Maringá, PR, BrazilPirapó68♀ ♂Multiple16m + 12sm + 18st + 22aEndo et al. (2012)Hypostomusancistroidesstream, Ourizo-IvaÍ68♀ ♂Endo et al. (2012)ancistroidesPiquiri River, Brazil68♀ ♂Multiple14m + 14sm + 8st + 32aBueno et al. (2013)ancistroidesÁgua Boa stream, Mundo Novo, MS, Brazil68♀ ♂116Multiple14m + 24sm + 10st + 20aFernandes et al. (2012)ancistroidesDourado stream, Mundo Novo, MS, Brazil68♀ ♂116Multiple10m + 22sm + 16st + 20aFernandes et al. (2012)ancistroidesDourado stream, Mundo Novo, MS, Brazil68♀ ♂120Multiple14m + 16sm + 22st + 16aTraldi et al. (2013)ancistroidesHortelã stream, Botucatu, SP, Brazil22°56'28.9"S48°35' 03.2"W68♀ ♂Multiple10m + 20sm + 10st + 28aPansonato-Alves et al. (2013)ancistroidesPiquiri River, Nova Laranjeiras, Brazil24°56'54.0"S52°35' 49.0"W68♀ ♂Multiple14m + 14sm + 8st + 32aBueno et al. (2014)ancistroidesMonjolinho River, São Carlos, SP, Brazil68♀ ♂102Multiple16m + 18sm + 34st/aLorscheider et al. (2015)cf. heraldoi Zawadzki, Weber & Pavanelli, 2008Mogi Guaçu River, Pirassununga, SP, BrazilMogi Guaçu72♀ ♂Simple6m + 6sm + 26st + 34aMartinez et al. (2011)cf. plecostomus (Linnaeus, 1758)Severo stream, Brazil9°54' 30.8"S56°03'33.9"WAmazon68♀ ♂120/ 121Multiple14m + 24sm + 14st + 16a ♂, 15m + 24sm + 14st + 15a ♀ZZ/ZWOliveira et al. (2015)cf. topavaeCarrapato stream, Penápolis, SP, BrazilParaná80♀ ♂Multiple6m + 8sm + 42st + 24aMartinez et al. (2011)cf. wuchereri (Günther, 1864)Mutum River, Jequié, BA, Brazil13°43'18.0"S39°51'20.0"WContas76♀ ♂104Simple10m + 18sm + 48st/aBitencourt et al. (2011b)cf. wuchereriUna River, Valença, BA, Brazil13°21'55.0"S39°04'35.0"WRecôncavo Sul76♀ ♂104Simple10m + 18sm + 48st/aBitencourt et al. (2011b)cochliodon Kner, 1854Iguaçu River, Brazil64♀ ♂Simple12m + 16sm + 16st + 20aBueno et al. (2014)cochliodonIguaçu River, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil25°38'53.0"S54°27' 28.0"W64♀ ♂Simple12m + 16sm + 16st + 20aRubert et al. (2016)cochliodonPiraputanga River, Cáceres, MT, Brazil16°03'33.0"S57°40'33.0"WParaguai64♀ ♂100Multiple16m + 20sm + 28st/aRubert et al. (2016)commersoni Valenciennes, 1836Iguaçu River, Brazil68♀ ♂Multiple12m + 14sm + 14st + 28aBueno et al. (2013)commersoniLake of Ney Braga hydroeletric plant, Mangueririnha, PR, Brazil68♀ ♂100Multiple12m + 12sm + 8st + 36aMaurutto et al. (2012)commersoniPiquiri River, Nova Laranjeiras, Brazil24°56'54.0"S52°35'49.0"W68♀ ♂Multiple12m + 14sm + 14st + 28aBueno et al. (2014)commersoniIguaçu River, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil25°38'53.0"S54°27' 28.0"W68♀ ♂Multiple12m + 14sm + 14st + 28aBueno et al. (2014)commersoniIguaçu River, PR, Brazil26°15'01.1"S51°06'10.7"WParaná68♀ ♂106Multiple12m + 12sm + 14st + 30aLorscheider et al. (2018)derbyi (Haseman, 1911)Iguaçu River, Curitiba, PR, Brazil66♀ ♂82Multiple6m + 10sm + 20st + 30aMaurutto et al. (2012)derbyiIguaçu River, PR, Brazil26°15'01.1"S51°06'10.7"WParaná68♀ ♂102Simple12m + 12sm + 10st + 34aLorscheider et al. (2018)faveolus Zawadzki, Birindelli & Lima, 2008Taquaralzinho River, MT, Brazil64♀ ♂Simple18m + 8sm + 22st + 16aBueno et al. (2013)faveolusTaquaralzinho River, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil15°40'42.0"S52°17'52.0"W64♀ ♂Simple18m + 8sm + 22st + 16aBueno et al. (2014)goyazensis (Regan, 1908)Vermelho River, GO, Brazil72♀ ♂Simple10m + 16sm + 10st + 36aAlves et al. (2006)hermanni (Ihering, 1905)Piquiri River, PR, Brazil72♀ ♂Multiple10m + 8sm + 32st + 22aBueno et al. (2013)hermanniPiquiri River, Nova Laranjeiras, Brazil24°56'54.0"S52°35' 49.0"W72♀ ♂Multiple10m + 8sm + 32st + 22aBueno et al. (2014)hermanniPiracicaba River, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil22°43'07.0"S47°39' 19.0"W72♀ ♂98Simple8m + 18sm + 46st/aRubert et al. (2016)Piracicaba Riv-Hypostomushermannier, Piracicaba,22°43'07.0"S47°39' 19.0"W72♀ ♂8m + 18sm + 46st/aRubert et al. (2022)SP, Braziliheringii (Regan, 1908)da Lapa stream, Ipeúna, SP, Brazil80♀ ♂132Multiple8m + 16sm + 28st + 28aTraldi et al. (2012)Piracicaba Riv-iheringiier, Piracicaba,22°43'07.0"S47°39' 19.0"W80♀ ♂102Simple8m + 14sm + 58st/aRubert et al. (2016)SP, BraziliheringiiMogi Guaçu River, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil76♀ ♂114Simple8m + 30sm + 38st/aArtoni, Bertollo (1996). Reported as Hypostomus aff. auroguttatusMogi GuaçuiheringiiRiver, Pirassununga, SP,76♀ ♂114Simple8m + 30sm + 38st/aLorscheider et al. (2015)BrazilPiracicaba Riv-iheringiier, Piracicaba,22°43'07.0"S47°39' 19.0"W80♀ ♂8m + 14sm + 58st/aRubert et al. (2022)SP, Braziljaguar Zanata, Sardeiro & Zawadzki, 201376♀ ♂Multiple10m + 20sm + 46st/aAnjos et al. (2020)macrops (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888)Claro/Mutucamutucae Knaack, 1999River, Chapada dos Guimarães,15°20' 13.0"S55°53'45.0"WParaguai82♀ ♂104Simple4m + 18sm + 60st/aRubert et al. (2016)MT, BrazilmutucaeClaro River, Brazil15°20' 13.0"S55°53'45.0"W82♀ ♂Simple4m + 18sm + 60st/aRubert et al. (2022)myersi (Gosline, 1947)Iguaçu River, PR, Brazil26°15' 01.1"S51°06'10.7"WParaná74♀ ♂114Simple12m + 16sm + 12st + 34aLorscheider et al. (2018)Mogi Guaçunigromaculatus (Schubart, 1964)River, Cachoeira de Emas, Pirassununga, SP,76♀ ♂104Multiple8m + 20sm + 48st/aRubert et al. (2008)BrazilnigromaculatusTrês Bocas stream, Londrina, PR, Brazil76♀ ♂102Multiple6m + 20sm + 50st/aRubert et al. (2008)nigromaculatusdos Apertados stream, Londrina, PR, Brazil76♀ ♂102Multiple6m + 20sm + 50st/aRubert et al. (2008)nigromaculatusLapa stream, Ipeúna, SP, Brazil76♀ ♂140Simple12m + 22sm + 30st + 12aTraldi et al. (2013)nigromaculatusHortelã stream, Botucatu, SP, Brazil22°56'28.9"S48°35'03.2"W76♀ ♂Simple8m + 18sm + 20st + 30aPansonato-Alves et al. (2013)PirapitinganigromaculatusRiver, Caldas Novas, GO,17°43' 37.0"S48°32' 54.0"W74♀ ♂104Simple8m + 22sm + 44st/aRubert et al. (2016)Brazilpaulinus (Ihering, 1905)74♀ ♂10410m + 20sm + 44st/aMichele et al. (1977). Reported as Plecostomus ancistroidespaulinusTrês Bocas stream, PR, BrazilParanapanema76♀ ♂98Simple6m + 16sm + 54st/aRubert et al. (2011)paulinusApertados stream, PR, BrazilParanapanema76♀ ♂98Simple6m + 16sm + 54st/aRubert et al. (2011)paulinus74♀ ♂Simple10m + 12sm + 20st + 32aBueno et al. (2014)Piracicaba Riv-paulinuser, Piracicaba,22°43' 07.0"S47°39'19.0"W76♀ ♂98Simple6m + 16sm + 54st/aRubert et al. (2016)SP, BrazilMogi GuaçupaulinusRiver, Pirassununga, SP,72♀ ♂100Multiple10m + 18sm + 44st/aArtoni, Bertollo (1996). Reported as Hypostomus sp. CBrazilMogi GuaçupaulinusRiver, Pirassununga, SP,72♀ ♂100Multiple10m + 18sm + 44st/aLorscheider et al., 2015BrazilpaulinusMogi Guaçu River, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil72♀ ♂106Multiple14m + 20sm + 38st/aArtoni, Bertollo (1996). Reported as Hypostomus sp. D2Mogi GuaçupaulinusRiver, Pirassununga, SP,72♀ ♂106Multiple14m + 20sm + 38st/aLorscheider et al. (2015)BrazilPiracicaba Riv-Hypostomuspaulinuser, Piracicaba,22°43'07.0"S47°39' 19.0"W76♀ ♂6m + 16sm + 54st/aRubert et al. (2022)SP, Brazilplecostomus (Linnaeus, 1758)54♀ ♂Hinegardner, Rosen (1972)Muramoto et al. (1968).plecostomus54♀ ♂24m /sm + 12st + 18aReported as Plecostomuspaulinusprope iheringiiCorumbataÍ River, SP, Brazil74♀ ♂Multiple10m + 14sm + 20st + 30aAlves et al. (2012b)prope paulinusCorumbataÍ River, SP, Brazil76♀ ♂Simple6m + 18sm + 12st + 40aAlves et al. (2012b)prope paulinusCorumbataÍ River, SP, Brazil76♀ ♂Simple6m + 18sm + 12st + 40aAlves et al. (2012b)prope plecostomusOrinoco River, Bolivar, Venezuela68♀ ♂Simple12m + 16sm + 12st + 28aAlves et al. (2012b)prope unaeContas River, Brazil13°51'51.0"S40°04' 54.0"WContas76♀ ♂104Multiple12m + 16sm + 48st/aBitencourt et al. (2011a)prope unaeContas River, Brazil13°51'51.0"S40°04'54.0"WContas76♀ ♂108Multiple12m + 20sm + 44st/aBitencourt et al. (2011a)prope unaeOricó River, Brazil14°08'03.0"S39°21'30.0"WContas76♀ ♂100Multiple10m + 14sm + 52st/aBitencourt et al. (2011a)prope unaePreto do Criciúma River, BrazilContas76♀ ♂106Multiple10m + 20sm + 46st/aBitencourt et al. (2011a)regani (Ihering, 1905)72♀ ♂10m + 20sm + 42st/aArtoni, Bertollo (1996)reganiAraquá River, Botucatu, SP, Brazil72♀ ♂Multiple12m + 18sm + 26st + 16aAlves et al. (2006)reganiJacutinga River, BrazilParanapanema72♀ ♂100Multiple10m + 18sm + 44st/aRubert et al. (2011)reganiPiumhi River, Piumhi, MG, Brazil20°20'31.0"S45°59' 03.4"WSão Francisco72♀ ♂116Simple8m + 16sm + 20st + 28aMendes-Neto et al. (2011)Mogi GuaçureganiRiver, Pirassununga, SP,72♀ ♂Simple6m + 6sm + 32st + 28aMartinez et al. (2011)BrazilreganiIvaÍ River, Floresta, PR, BrazilIvaÍ72♀ ♂Multiple12m + 14sm + 26st + 20aEndo et al. (2012)reganiPiquiri River, Brazil72♀ ♂Multiple12m + 8sm + 10st + 42aBueno et al. (2013)reganiPiquiri River, Nova Laranjeiras, Brazil24°56'54.0"S52°35'49.0"W72♀ ♂Multiple12m + 8sm + 10st + 42aBueno et al. (2014)Mogi GuaçureganiRiver, Pirassununga, SP,21°55'37.7"S47°22'02.6"W72♀ ♂100Simple10m + 20sm + 42st/aRubert et al. (2016)BrazilPirapitingareganiRiver, Caldas Novas, GO,17°43' 37.0"S48°32' 54.0"W72♀ ♂106SImple12m + 22sm + 38st/aRubert et al. (2016)BrazilreganiOnça stream, Coxim, MS, Brazil18°32' 18.0"S54°33'43.0"WParaguai72♀ ♂Simple12m + 14sm + 18st + 28aFerreira et al. (2019)reganiOnça stream, Coxim, MS, Brazil18°32'18.0"S54°33'43.0"WParaguai72♀ ♂Simple13m + 14sm + 17st + 18aFerreira et al. (2019)soniae Hollanda Carvalho & Weber, 2005Alta Floresta, MT, Brazil9°54'30.8"S56°03' 33.9"WTeles Pires64♀ ♂112Multiple12m + 22sm + 14st + 16aXX/XYOliveira et al. (2019)soniaeAlta Floresta, MT, Brazil9°53'50.5"S56°03'39.5"WTeles Pires64♀ ♂112Multiple12m + 22sm + 14st + 16aXX/XYOliveira et al. (2019)soniaeAlta Floresta, MT, Brazil9°53'30.5"S56°04' 18.8"WTeles Pires64♀ ♂112Multiple12m + 22sm + 14st + 16aXX/XYOliveira et al. (2019)sp.Mogi Guaçu River, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil72♀ ♂108Multiple10m + 26sm + 36st/aArtoni, Bertollo (1996). Reported as Hypostomus sp. D1Mogi Guaçusp.River, Pirassununga, SP,72♀ ♂108Multiple10m + 26sm + 36st/aLorscheider et al. (2015)Brazilsp.Fundo stream, Barra do Garças, MT, BrazilTocantins-Araguaia64♀ ♂Simple14m + 24sm + 26st/a ♂, 15m + 24sm + 25st/a ♀ZZ/ZWArtoni et al. (1998)Mogi Guaçusp.River, Pirassununga, SP,Mogi Guaçu68♀ ♂Multiple6m + 6sm + 32st + 24aMartinez et al. (2011)BrazilEsparramoHypostomussp.stream, Rondonópolis, MT,16°30'00.0"S54°40'00.0"WParaguay74♀ ♂Multiple12m + 20sm + 42st/aBecker et al. (2014)BrazilPerdido River,sp. 2 Rio PerdidoPlanalto da Bodoquena, MS,21°17'09.0"S56°41'46.0"W84♀ ♂106Simple6m + 16sm + 62st/aCereali et al. (2008)BrazilSalobra River,sp. 3 Córrego SalobrinhaPlanalto da Bodoquena, MS,20°41' 34.0"S56°44'25.0"W82♀ ♂100- 1026m + 12sm + 64st/a + 1-2aBsCereali et al. (2008)BrazilSalobrinhasp. 3 Córrego Salobrinhastream, Planalto da Bodoquena,20°41' 07.0"S56°46'44.0"W82♀ ♂100- 1026m + 12sm + 64st/a + 1-2aBsCereali et al. (2008)MS, BrazilMogi Guaçusp. BRiver, Pirassununga, SP,72♀ ♂Simple12m + 18sm + 42st/aArtoni et al. (1999 a)BrazilMogi Guaçusp. ERiver, Pirassununga, SP,80♀ ♂Multiple8m + 16sm + 56st/aArtoni et al. (1999 a)Brazilsp. FSão Francisco River, Brazil75, 76♀ ♂10m + 16sm + 50st/a or 10m + 17sm + 48st/aArtoni et al. (1999 a)sp. Xingu-1Xingu River, Altamira, PA, Brazil3°12'48.0"S52°12' 41.7"WXingu - Amazon64♀ ♂Simple32m /sm + 32st/aMilhomem et al. (2010)sp. Xingu-2Xingu River, Altamira, PA, Brazil3°12'48.0"S52°12' 41.7"WXingu - Amazon66♀ ♂Simple32m /sm + 34st/aMilhomem et al. (2010)sp. Xingu-3Xingu River, Altamira, PA, Brazil3°12'48.0"S52°12' 41.7"WXingu - Amazon65♀ ♂Simple38m /sm + 26st/a + 1BMilhomem et al. (2010)Forquetinhaspiniger (Hensel, 1870)River, Forquetinha, RS,29°21’43.5’’S52° 07’39.6’’W66♀ ♂Multiple10m + 16sm + 14st + 26aTakagui et al. (2023)BrazilspinigerQuadros Lagoon, RS, Brazil29°21’43.5’’S52° 07’39.6’’W66♀ ♂Multiple10m + 16sm + 14st + 26aTakagui et al. (2023)ForquetinhaRubert et al. (2016). Report-spinigerRiver, Forquetinha, RS,29°21'43.5"S52°07'39.6"W66♀ ♂92Multiple10m + 16sm + 40st/aed as Hypostomus commersoni, corrected in Takagui etBrazilal. (2023)strigaticeps (Regan, 1908)74♀ ♂868m + 4sm + 62st/aMichele et al. (1977). Reported as Plecostomus macropsstrigaticepsParanapanema72♀ ♂98Multiple10m + 16sm + 46st/aRubert et al. (2011)strigaticepsCorumbataÍ River, SP, Brazil74♀ ♂Multiple10m + 14sm + 14st + 36aAlves et al. (2012b)strigaticepsIvaÍ River, Floresta, PR, Brazil72♀ ♂Multiple10m + 14sm + 18st + 30aEndo et al. (2012)strigaticepsPiquiri River, Brazil72♀ ♂Multiple12m + 12sm + 18st + 30aBueno et al. (2013)strigaticepsÁgua Boa stream, Mundo Novo, MS, Brazil72♀ ♂122Multiple12m + 18sm + 20st + 22aFernandes et al. (2012)strigaticepsHortelã stream, Botucatu, SP, Brazil22°56'28.9"S48°35'03.2"W72♀ ♂Multiple10m + 18sm + 18st + 26aPansonato-Alves et al. (2013)strigaticepsPiquiri River, Nova Laranjeiras, Brazil24°56'54.0"S52°35'49.0"W72♀ ♂Multiple12m + 12sm + 18st + 30aBueno et al. (2014)strigaticepsAtlântico stream, PR, Brazil23°18'13.0"S52°01'51.0"WParaná72♀ ♂Multiple12m + 12sm + 18st + 30aBaumgärtner et al. (2014)strigaticepsPiquiri River, PR, Brazil24°56'54.0"S52°35'49.0"WParaná72♀ ♂Multiple12m + 12sm + 18st + 30aBaumgärtner et al. (2014)strigaticepsParaná River, PR, Brazil24°48' 43.0"S54°19' 16.0"WParaná72♀ ♂Multiple12m + 12sm + 18st + 30aBaumgärtner et al. (2014)strigaticepsIguassu River, PR, Brazil25°39' 02.0"S54°27'25.0"WParaná72♀ ♂Multiple12m + 12sm + 18st + 30aBaumgärtner et al. (2014)Mogi GuaçustrigaticepsRiver, Pirassununga, SP,21°55' 37.7"S47°22'02.6"W72♀ ♂98Simple10m + 16sm + 46st/aRubert et al. (2016)BrazilMogi GuaçustrigaticepsRiver, Pirassununga, SP,72♀ ♂102Simple12m + 18sm + 42st/aLorscheider et al. (2015)BrazilMogi GuaçustrigaticepsRiver, Pirassununga, SP,72♀ ♂102Simple12m + 18sm + 42st/aArtoni, Bertollo (1996). Reported as Hypostomus sp. BBrazilHypostomustapijara Oyakawa, Akama & Zanata, 2005Ribeira de Iguape River, Registro, SP, Brazil66♀ ♂118Multiple14m + 24sm + 14st + 14aTraldi et al. (2013)tietensis (Ihering, 1905)PiraÍ River, Brazil23°22' 22.0"S47°22' 13.0"WParaná72♀ ♂108Simple8m + 8sm + 20st + 36aAnjos et al. (2020)tietensisPiraÍ River, Brazil23°22' 22.0"S47°22' 13.0"WParaná72♀ ♂109Simple8m + 8sm + 20st + 36aPaula et al. (2022)Mogi Guaçutopavae (Godoy, 1969)River, Pirassununga, SP,80♀ ♂104Multiple8m + 16sm + 56st/aArtoni, Bertollo (1996). Reported as Hypostomus sp. EBrazilMogi GuaçutopavaeRiver, Pirassununga, SP,80♀ ♂104Multiple8m + 16sm + 56st/aLorscheider et al. (2015)BraziltopavaePiquiri River, Nova Laranjeiras, PR, Brazil80♀ ♂14m + 10sm + 26st + 30aBueno et al. (2012)topavaePiquiri River, PR, Brazil80♀ ♂Simple14m + 10sm + 26st + 30aBueno et al. (2013)topavaePiquiri River, Nova Laranjeiras, PR, Brazil24°56'54.0"S52°35' 49.0"WParaná80♀ ♂Simple14m + 10sm + 26st + 30aBueno et al. (2014)topavaeKeller River, Brazil23°38' 25.9"S51°51' 32.8"W80♀ ♂142Multiple14m + 30sm + 18st + 18aKamei et al. (2017)unae (Steindachner, 1878)76♀ ♂10m + 20sm + 46st/aAnjos et al. (2020)Lasiancistrusschomburgkii (Günther, 1864)Massangana River, Brazil9°80′48″S*63°08′90″W*Amazon54♀ ♂108Simple28m + 16sm + 10stMariotto et al. (2019)sp.Cachoeira River, Brazil14°64′66″S*52°35′50″W*Tocantins-Araguaia54♀ ♂108Simple28m + 16sm + 10stMariotto et al. (2019)Megalancistrussp.Cuiabá River, Brazil15°62′90″S*56°08′70″W*Paraguai52♀ ♂104Simple28m + 16sm + 8stMariotto et al. (2019)parananus (Peters, 1881)Piquiri River, Nova Laranjeiras, PR, Brazil52♀ ♂Simple18m + 24sm + 10stBueno et al. (2018)Camarapi River,Panaqolussp.Portel, PA,52♀ ♂Simple24m + 18sm + 10st/aAyres-Alves et al. (2017)Braziltankei Cramer & Sousa, 2016Xingu River, Brazil52♀ ♂104Simple6m + 38sm + 8stFerreira et al. (2021)armbrusteri Lujan, Hidalgo & Stewart, 2010Xingu River,PanaqueAltamira, PA,52♀ ♂Simple26m + 20sm + 6st/aAyres-Alves et al. (2017)BrazilGorgulho daarmbrusteriRita, Altamira,52♀ ♂Simple26m + 20sm + 6st/aAyres-Alves et al. (2017)PA, BrazilAraguaia River,cf. nigrolineatusBarra do Garças,52♀ ♂Simple26m + 20sm + 6st/aArtoni, Bertollo (2001)Peckoltiacavatica Armbruster & Werneke, 2005PA, Brazil52♀ ♂Simple38m /sm + 14stPety et al. (2018)multispinis (Holly, 1929)PA, Brazil52♀ ♂Simple28m /sm + 24stPety et al. (2018)oligospila (Günther, 1864)PA, Brazil52♀ ♂Multiple38m /sm + 14stPety et al. (2018)sabaji Armbruster, 2003PA, Brazil52♀ ♂Multiple38m /sm + 14stPety et al. (2018)sp. 1 Jari riverJari River, Monte Dourado, PA, Brazil03°18'14.9"N52°03'29.3"W52♀ ♂102Multiple44m /sm + 6st + 2a + 1BSouza et al. (2009)Jari River,sp. 2 Jari riverMonte Dourado,03°18'14.9"N52°03'29.3"W52♀ ♂10232m /sm + 18st + 2aSouza et al. (2009)PA, Brazilsp. 3 JarumãAbaetuba, PA, Brazil1°42'41.9"S48°51'45.9"W52♀ ♂Simple46m /sm + 6stSilva et al. (2021)sp. 4 CaripetubaAbaetuba, PA, Brazil1°37' 23.5"S48°55'33.0"W52♀ ♂Multiple40m /sm + 12stSilva et al. (2021)vittata (Steindachner, 1881)Xingu River, Altamira, PA, Brazil03°12'4"N52°12' 41.7"W52♀ ♂102Simple16m + 20sm + 14st + 2aSouza et al. (2009)vittataPA, Brazil52♀ ♂Simple32m /sm + 18st + 2aPety et al. (2018)Pseudacanthicusleopardus (Fowler, 1914)Xingu River, BrazilXingu - Amazon52♀ ♂104Simple18m + 34smSantos da Silva et al. (2022b)sp.Xingu River, BrazilXingu - Amazon52♀ ♂104Simple18m + 34smSantos da Silva et al. (2022b)spinosus (Castelnau, 1855)Tocantins River, BrazilTocantins-Araguaia52♀ ♂104Simple18m + 34smSantos da Silva et al. (2022b)Pterygoplichthysambrosettii (Holmberg, 1893)Preto River, Mirassolândia, SP, Brazil52♀ ♂Simple16m + 24sm + 8st + 4aArtoni et al. (1999 b). Reported as Liposarcus anisitsiambrosettiiTietê River, Botucatu, SP, Brazil52♀ ♂Simple28m + 12sm + 8st + 4aAlves et al. (2006). Reported as Liposarcus anisitsiPterygoplichthysambrosettiiMiranda River, MS, Brazil52♀♂Simple8m + 14sm + 14st + 16aAlves et al. (2006). Reported as Liposarcus anisitsiambrosettiiAgua Boa stream, Brazil23°50' 16.7"S54°20' 55.5"W52♀♂100Simple14m + 26sm + 8st + 4aFernandes et al. (2015).Reported as Pterygoplichthys anisitsiambrosettiiParaná River, GuaÍra, PR, Brazil52♀♂Simple16m + 24sm + 8st + 4aBueno et al., 2018chrysostiktos (Birindelli, Zanata & Lima, 2007)52♀♂Simple22m + 20sm + 10stAnjos et al. (2020). Reported as Hypostomus chrysostiktosgibbiceps (Kner, 1854)Orinoco River, Venezuela52♀♂Simple20m + 24sm + 8stAlves et al. (2006). Reported as Glyptoperichthys gibbicepsQuatro Bocasjoselimaianus (Weber, 1991)Lake, Araguaiana, MT,15°23'20.1"S51°42' 45.9"W52♀♂Simple28m + 16sm + 8st/aOliveira et al. (2006)Brazilmultiradiatus (Hancock, 1828)Orinoco River, Venezuela52♀♂Simple22m + 18sm + 12stAlves et al. (2006). Reported as Liposarcus multiradiatusmultiradiatusOrinoco River, Venezuela52♀♂Simple22m + 18sm + 12stAlves et al. (2012a). Reported as Liposarcus multiradiatusPorto dos Mila-pardalis (Castelnau, 1855)gres, Amazonas River,Santarém,52♀♂Simple18m + 18sm + 8st + 8aGuimarães et al. (2023)PA, BrazilArapixuna, Am-pardalisazonas River, Santarém, PA,52♀♂Simple18m + 18sm + 8st + 8aGuimarães et al. (2023)BrazilGrande Lake,pardalisAmazonas River, Santarém,52♀♂Simple18m + 18sm + 8st + 8aGuimarães et al. (2023)PA, BrazilPacoval Lake,pardalisAmazonas River, Santarém,52♀♂Simple18m + 18sm + 8st + 8aGuimarães et al. (2023)PA, BrazilScobinancistrusaureatus Burgess, Xingu River, 1994 BrazilXingu-Amazon52♀♂Simple22m + 20sm + 10stCardoso et al. (2013)aureatusXingu River, BrazilXingu-Amazon52♀♂Simple22m + 20sm + 10stAyres-Alves et al. (2017)Xingu River,aureatusBelo Monte hydroeletric plant,3°06' 12.8"S51°43'53.9"W52♀♂24m + 18sm + 10stAlmeida et al. (2023)BrazilXingu River,aureatusGorgulho da3°20'06.2"S52°10' 32.9"W52♀♂24m + 18sm + 10stAlmeida et al. (2023)Rita, Brazilpariolispos Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989Xingu River, BrazilXingu-Amazon52♀♂Simple24m + 18sm + 10stCardoso et al. (2013)pariolisposXingu River, BrazilXingu-Amazon52♀♂Simple24m + 18sm + 10stAyres-Alves et al. (2017)Xingu River,pariolisposBelo Monte hydroeletric plant,3°06' 12.8"S51°43'53.9"W52♀♂22m + 20sm + 10stAlmeida et al. (2023)BrazilTransancistrussantarosensis (Tan & Armbruster, 2012)RÍo Dos Bocas, RÍo Palenque, Ecuador54♀♂106Multiple25m + 27sm + 2a ♀, 26m + 26sm + 2a ♂ZZ/ZWTursellino et al. (2023)DelturinaeHemipsilichthyssp.Paraitinga River, Brazil22°52' 22.5"S44°51' 00.4"WParaÍba do Sul96♀♂12016m + 8sm + 72aKavalco et al. (2004). Reported as Upsilodus sp.sp.Paraitinga River, Brazil22°52' 22.5"S44°51'00.4"WParaÍba do Sul96♀♂120Simple16m + 8sm + 72aKavalco et al. (2005)n. sp.Patos River, Lapa, PR, Brazil54♀♂20m + 30sm + 4stAlves et al. (2005)RhinelepinaePogonopomawertheimeri (Steindachner, 1867)MucurÍ River, Taquarinha, BA, Brazil54♀♂Multiple20m + 30sm + 4stArtoni, Bertollo (2001)Rhinelepisaspera Spix & Agassiz, 1829Paraná River, GuaÍra, PR, Brazil54♀♂Simple20m + 26sm + 8stArtoni, Bertollo (2001).Reported as Rhinelepis asperaParaná River,asperaPorto Rico, PR,54♀♂Simple24m + 18sm + 12stEndo et al. (2012)BrazilParaná River,asperaSanta Helena,54♀♂Simple20m + 26sm + 8stBueno et al. (2018)PR, Brazil