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345rf4gt56t4r3e3/flight-delays-europe-2023-2025

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--- license: apache-2.0 tags: - flight-delays - europe - aviation - 2023-2025 - parquet - opdi - eurocontrol - time-series - regression - prediction --- # Flight Delays Europe 2023‑2025 This dataset contains per‑flight delay estimates for European commercial flights from January 2023 to December 2025, derived from the Open Performance Data Initiative (OPDI) flight‑list data published by Eurocontrol. ## Dataset Description - **Total flights:** 15,300,770 (with delay estimates) - **Raw flight lists:** 46,416,928 flights (36 months) - **Years covered:** 2023, 2024, 2025 - **Date range:** 2023‑01‑02 to 2025‑12‑31 - **Source:** OPDI flight‑list Parquet files (v002) via Eurocontrol Performance Review Unit - **Delay definition:** `delay_min = actual_flight_duration – median_historical_duration_for_route_and_month` - Actual duration: `last_seen – first_seen` (ADS‑B tracked times) - Expected duration: median of historical durations for the same airport pair (`adep‑ades`) and calendar month, computed within the same year. - **Binary label:** `delayed_15min = 1` if `delay_min > 15`. ## Data Schema | Column | Type | Description | |--------|------|-------------| | `id` | int64 | Unique flight identifier (OPDI) | | `icao24` | string | ICAO 24‑bit address of the aircraft | | `flt_id` | string | Callsign / flight identifier | | `dof` | date | Date of flight (YYYY‑MM‑DD) | | `adep` | string | ICAO 4‑letter departure airport code | | `ades` | string | ICAO 4‑letter arrival airport code | | `adep_p` | string | Predicted departure airport (often empty) | | `ades_p` | string | Predicted arrival airport (often empty) | | `registration` | string | Aircraft registration (e.g., G‑ABCD) | | `model` | string | Aircraft model description | | `typecode` | string | ICAO aircraft type code (e.g., B738) | | `icao_aircraft_class` | string | ICAO aircraft class (e.g., L2J) | | `icao_operator` | string | ICAO airline code (e.g., BAW) | | `first_seen` | datetime | First ADS‑B detection (UTC) | | `last_seen` | datetime | Last ADS‑B detection (UTC) | | `version` | string | OPDI data version (e.g., v2.0.0) | | `unix_time` | int64 | Unix timestamp of first_seen | | `source_month` | string | Year‑month of the source file (YYYYMM) | | `source_year` | int | Year extracted from source_month | | `duration_min` | float | Actual flight duration in minutes | | `expected_duration_min` | float | Median historical duration for same route‑month (minutes) | | `delay_min` | float | Delay in minutes (actual – expected) | | `delayed_15min` | int | Binary flag: 1 if delay > 15 min | | `route` | string | Concatenated `adep‑ades` | ## Key Statistics ### Overall Delay Distribution (minutes) | Statistic | Value | |-----------|-------| | Count | 15,300,770 | | Mean | 2.46 | | Std | 18.34 | | Min | -120.0 | | 25% | -3.88 | | 50% | 0.00 | | 75% | 4.96 | | Max | 1,047.5 | ### Flights Delayed >15 min | Year | Total Flights | % Delayed >15 min | |------|---------------|-------------------| | 2023 | 4,595,566 | 6.97 % | | 2024 | 5,126,450 | 7.43 % | | 2025 | 5,578,754 | 10.37 % | | **Overall** | **15,300,770** | **8.36 %** | ### Top Routes with Highest Delay >3 h Probability (min 50 flights) | Route | Flights | Delayed >3 h | Probability | |-------|---------|--------------|-------------| | LLBG‑EDDH | 50 | 17 | 34.00 % | | EFHK‑EHRD | 50 | 13 | 26.00 % | | LPPM‑LPFR | 485 | 77 | 15.88 % | | EGNR‑EIWF | 52 | 8 | 15.38 % | | EBLG‑ETNG | 1,399 | 206 | 14.72 % | *(Full list of probabilities by airport, airline, month, etc. is available in the companion CSV files.)* ## Data Coverage - **Mapping coverage:** 33 % of raw flights have valid `adep`, `ades`, `first_seen`, `last_seen` and thus a delay estimate. The remaining flights are mostly overflights or missing airport data. - **Geographic focus:** European flights (Eurocontrol member states). - **Temporal coverage:** Full calendar years 2023‑2025. ## Data Sources & Methodology 1. **Flight‑list data:** Monthly Parquet files from the [Open Performance Data Initiative (OPDI)](https://www.eurocontrol.int/Performance/data/download/OPDI/v002/flight_list/) (Eurocontrol). 2. **Delay calculation:** For each flight, compute actual duration (`last_seen – first_seen`). Then compute the median historical duration for the same route (`adep‑ades`) and calendar month using all flights in the same year. The delay is the difference. 3. **Assumptions:** - `first_seen` and `last_seen` are reliable proxies for off‑block‑time and on‑block‑time. - The median historical duration approximates the scheduled duration. - Flights with negative delay (faster than median) are possible. ## Usage Load the dataset with 🤗 `datasets`: ```python from datasets import load_dataset ds = load_dataset("345rf4gt56t4r3e3/flight-delays-europe-2023-2025") print(ds) # DatasetDict({ # train: Dataset({ # features: ['id', 'icao24', 'flt_id', ...], # num_rows: 15300770 # }) # }) # Convert to pandas for analysis df = ds['train'].to_pandas() print(df['delay_min'].describe()) ``` Example: compute average delay by hour of day: ```python import pandas as pd df['hour'] = pd.to_datetime(df['first_seen']).dt.hour hourly = df.groupby('hour')['delay_min'].mean() print(hourly) ``` ## License This dataset is released under the [Apache License 2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0). ## Citation If you use this dataset in your research, please cite: ```bibtex @dataset{flight_delays_europe_2023_2025, title = {Flight Delays Europe 2023‑2025}, author = {Open‑source community}, year = {2026}, url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/345rf4gt56t4r3e3/flight-delays-europe-2023-2025} } ``` ## Acknowledgments - Data sourced from [Eurocontrol Performance Review Unit](https://www.eurocontrol.int/Performance/) via the Open Performance Data Initiative. - Delay estimation methodology inspired by common aviation‑delay research. ## Contact For questions or issues, open a discussion on the Hugging Face dataset page.

--- 许可证:Apache-2.0 标签: - 航班延误(flight-delays) - 欧洲(europe) - 航空(aviation) - 2023-2025(2023-2025) - Parquet格式(Parquet) - 开放性能数据倡议(Open Performance Data Initiative, OPDI) - 欧洲空中航行安全组织(Eurocontrol) - 时间序列(time-series) - 回归(regression) - 预测(prediction) --- # 2023-2025年欧洲航班延误数据集 本数据集包含2023年1月至2025年12月期间欧洲商业航班的逐航班延误估算值,数据源自欧洲空中航行安全组织(Eurocontrol)发布的开放性能数据倡议(Open Performance Data Initiative, OPDI)航班清单数据。 ## 数据集描述 - **总航班数(含延误估算):** 15,300,770架次 - **原始航班清单:** 36个月内的46,416,928架次航班 - **覆盖年份:** 2023、2024、2025 - **时间范围:** 2023-01-02至2025-12-31 - **数据来源:** 通过欧洲空中航行安全组织绩效审查单元(Eurocontrol Performance Review Unit)获取的OPDI航班清单Parquet格式(Parquet)文件(版本v002) - **延误定义:** `delay_min = 实际飞行时长 – 航线与月份对应的历史飞行时长中位数` - 实际时长:`last_seen – first_seen`(基于自动相关监视广播(ADS-B)追踪的时间) - 预期时长:同一年内,同一机场对(`adep-ades`)及对应日历月份的历史飞行时长中位数 - **二分类标签:** 若`delay_min > 15`,则`delayed_15min = 1` ## 数据模式 | 字段名 | 数据类型 | 字段说明 | |--------|----------|----------| | `id` | int64 | 唯一航班标识符(OPDI) | | `icao24` | string | 航空器的国际民用航空组织(International Civil Aviation Organization, ICAO)24位地址 | | `flt_id` | string | 呼号/航班标识符 | | `dof` | date | 航班日期(YYYY-MM-DD) | | `adep` | string | ICAO 4字母出发机场代码 | | `ades` | string | ICAO 4字母到达机场代码 | | `adep_p` | string | 预测出发机场(通常为空) | | `ades_p` | string | 预测到达机场(通常为空) | | `registration` | string | 航空器注册号(例如G-ABCD) | | `model` | string | 航空器型号描述 | | `typecode` | string | ICAO航空器类型代码(例如B738) | | `icao_aircraft_class` | string | ICAO航空器类别(例如L2J) | | `icao_operator` | string | ICAO航空公司代码(例如BAW) | | `first_seen` | datetime | 首次ADS-B探测时间(UTC) | | `last_seen` | datetime | 末次ADS-B探测时间(UTC) | | `version` | string | OPDI数据版本(例如v2.0.0) | | `unix_time` | int64 | `first_seen`对应的Unix时间戳 | | `source_month` | string | 源文件的年月格式(YYYYMM) | | `source_year` | int | 从`source_month`提取的年份 | | `duration_min` | float | 实际飞行时长(单位:分钟) | | `expected_duration_min` | float | 对应航线与月份的历史飞行时长中位数(单位:分钟) | | `delay_min` | float | 延误时长(单位:分钟,实际时长-预期时长) | | `delayed_15min` | int | 二分类标记:1表示延误时长>15分钟 | | `route` | string | 拼接的`adep-ades`航线 | ## 关键统计信息 ### 整体延误时长分布(单位:分钟) | 统计量 | 数值 | |--------|------| | 总样本数 | 15,300,770 | | 均值 | 2.46 | | 标准差 | 18.34 | | 最小值 | -120.0 | | 25%分位数 | -3.88 | | 50%分位数(中位数) | 0.00 | | 75%分位数 | 4.96 | | 最大值 | 1,047.5 | ### 延误时长>15分钟的航班情况 | 年份 | 总航班数 | 延误时长>15分钟占比 | |------|----------|--------------------| | 2023 | 4,595,566 | 6.97% | | 2024 | 5,126,450 | 7.43% | | 2025 | 5,578,754 | 10.37% | | **总计** | **15,300,770** | **8.36%** | ### 延误时长>3小时概率最高的Top航线(航班数≥50架次) | 航线 | 总航班数 | 延误>3小时架次 | 概率 | |-------|---------|--------------|-----| | LLBG‑EDDH | 50 | 17 | 34.00% | | EFHK‑EHRD | 50 | 13 | 26.00% | | LPPM‑LPFR | 485 | 77 | 15.88% | | EGNR‑EIWF | 52 | 8 | 15.38% | | EBLG‑ETNG | 1,399 | 206 | 14.72% | *(按机场、航空公司、月份等划分的完整概率列表可在配套CSV文件中获取。)* ## 数据覆盖范围 - **映射覆盖率:** 原始航班中有33%拥有有效的`adep`、`ades`、`first_seen`和`last_seen`字段,因此可生成延误估算值。剩余航班多为飞越航班或缺失机场数据。 - **地理覆盖范围:** 欧洲空中航行安全组织成员国空域的商业航班。 - **时间覆盖范围:** 2023-2025完整自然年。 ## 数据来源与方法 1. **航班清单数据:** 源自[开放性能数据倡议(Open Performance Data Initiative, OPDI)](https://www.eurocontrol.int/Performance/data/download/OPDI/v002/flight_list/)的月度Parquet格式(Parquet)文件(欧洲空中航行安全组织)。 2. **延误计算:** 针对每架航班,先计算实际飞行时长(`last_seen – first_seen`);再基于同一年内同一航线(`adep-ades`)及对应日历月份的所有航班数据,计算历史飞行时长中位数,最终延误时长为两者差值。 3. **假设前提:** - `first_seen`与`last_seen`可作为航班滑出时刻与滑入时刻的可靠替代指标。 - 历史飞行时长中位数可近似代表计划飞行时长。 - 存在延误时长为负值(比历史中位数更快)的航班。 ## 使用方法 使用🤗`datasets`库加载数据集: python from datasets import load_dataset ds = load_dataset("345rf4gt56t4r3e3/flight-delays-europe-2023-2025") print(ds) # DatasetDict({ # train: Dataset({ # features: ['id', 'icao24', 'flt_id', ...], # num_rows: 15300770 # }) # }) # Convert to pandas for analysis df = ds['train'].to_pandas() print(df['delay_min'].describe()) 示例:按当日小时计算平均延误时长: python import pandas as pd df['hour'] = pd.to_datetime(df['first_seen']).dt.hour hourly = df.groupby('hour')['delay_min'].mean() print(hourly) ## 许可证 本数据集采用[Apache许可证2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)协议发布。 ## 引用 若您在研究中使用本数据集,请引用如下文献: bibtex @dataset{flight_delays_europe_2023_2025, title = {Flight Delays Europe 2023‑2025}, author = {Open‑source community}, year = {2026}, url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/345rf4gt56t4r3e3/flight-delays-europe-2023-2025} } ## 致谢 - 数据源自[欧洲空中航行安全组织绩效审查单元(Eurocontrol Performance Review Unit)](https://www.eurocontrol.int/Performance/),通过开放性能数据倡议获取。 - 延误估算方法参考了主流航空延误研究的通用方案。 ## 联系方式 如有疑问或问题,请在Hugging Face数据集页面发起讨论。

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