"Table 91" of "Properties of jet fragmentation using charged particles measured with the ATLAS detector in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV"

CERN-LHC. This paper presents a measurement of quantities related to the formation of jets from high energy quarks and gluons (fragmentation). Jets with $100$ GeV $ 500$ MeV~and $|\eta| < 2.5$~are used to probe the detailed structure of the jet. The fragmentation properties of the more forward and the more central of the leading two jets from each event are studied. The data are unfolded to correct for detector resolution and acceptance effects. Comparisons to parton shower Monte Carlo generators indicate that existing models provide a reasonable description of the data across a wide range of phase space, but there are also significant differences. Furthermore, the data are interpreted in the context of quark- and gluon-initiated jets by exploiting the rapidity dependence of the jet flavor fraction. A first measurement of the charged-particle multiplicity using model-independent jet labels (topic modeling) provides a promising alternative to traditional quark- and gluon- extractions using simulation input. The simulations provide a reasonable description of the quark-like data across the jet $p_\text{T}$ range presented in this measurement, but the gluon-like data have systematically fewer charged particles than the simulations. Uncertainties are broken down by category and should be treated as fully correlated between bins and between observables except for statistical uncertainties.CERN-LHC。本研究针对高能夸克与胶子形成喷注（jet）的碎裂（fragmentation）过程相关物理量开展测量。选取横向动量$p_ ext{T}$满足100 GeV < $p_ ext{T}$ < 500 GeV、赝快度$|eta| < 2.5$的喷注，对其精细结构展开探测。本研究分析每个事件中前导双喷注里更向前与更中心两类喷注的碎裂特性。为校正探测器分辨与接收度效应，对实验数据开展去折叠（unfolding）处理。与部分子阵雨（parton shower）蒙特卡洛发生器的比对结果显示，现有模型可在较宽相空间范围内较好描述实验数据，但仍存在显著偏差。此外，通过利用喷注味组分的快度依赖特性，将实验数据归属为夸克初始喷注与胶子初始喷注两类进行阐释。本研究首次采用与模型无关的喷注标记方法（主题建模（topic modeling））对带电粒子多重数开展测量，为传统依赖模拟输入的夸克、胶子喷注区分方法提供了极具前景的替代方案。蒙特卡洛模拟可较好描述本次测量中横向动量区间内类夸克喷注的实验数据，但类胶子喷注的带电粒子多重数系统性低于模拟结果。不确定度按类别拆分，除统计不确定度外，各箱区间（bin）与各观测量间的不确定度均视为完全相关。