Study on the Carbonization and Microbial Interaction Mechanism of Material Rice Straw Mud under Autumn Thin Pulp Rotary Rake Returning to the Field

The facility aims to explore the impact of carbonization of rice straw mud under autumn thin slurry rotary harrow on the ecosystem functions and processes of large natural fields in northern China [35]. The central objective of this study is to understand how different returning methods affect the decomposition process of agricultural ecosystems, as well as the structure, function, and interactions of related microorganisms, in order to provide clues for the carbon and nutrient turnover patterns and microbial contributions to the decomposition process in areas located in the mid to high latitudes of cold temperate zones. To this end, we conducted a mesh bag experiment, combining high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS2, to analyze the morphological characterization, chemical composition, and extracellular enzymes of rice straw, in order to study the decomposition rate and nutritional dynamics of rice straw, as well as the temporal dynamics of the microbial community that decomposes rice straw residue. This experiment was conducted under field conditions influenced by natural seasonal climate scenarios. The research results under these different returning methods were compared. We assume that: (I) different organic materials will promote the carbonization of rice straw sludge under freeze-thaw cycles, increasing its nutrient release rate and enzyme production; The microbial community will adjust its response to environmental factors and effective chemical nutrients in rice straw residues under different returning methods, providing feedback on the decomposition rate under different returning methods.