Supplementary Material for: Identification of Pyroptosis-Related Genes Regulating the Progression of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an immunologic disease, and pyroptosis, an inflammation-based cellular death, strictly modulates CRSwNP pathology, whereas the pyroptosis genes and mechanisms involved in CRSwNP remains unclear. Herein, we explored disease biomarkers, and potential therapeutic targets for pyroptosis and immune regulation in CRSwNP using bioinformatics analysis and tissue-based verification.
Methods: We retrieved the transcriptional profiles of the high-throughput dataset GSE136825 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, as well as 170 pyroptosis-related gene expressions from Genecards. Using R, we identified differentially expressed pyroptosis -related genes, and examined the potential biological functions of the aforementioned genes using Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of the Genome (KEGG) pathway, immune-infiltration, and Protein-Protein Interaction Network (PPI) analyses, thereby generating a list of hub genes. The hub genes were, in turn, verified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and western blotting (WB). Ultimately, using the StarBase and miRTarBase databases, we estimated the targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) and long chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).
Results: We demonstrated that the identified pyroptosis-related-genes primarily modulated bacterial defense activites, as well as inflammasome immune response and assembly. Moreover, they were intricately linked to neutrophil and macrophage infiltration. Furthermore, we validated the tissue contents of hub genes AIM2, NLPR6 and CASP5, and examined potential associations with clinical variables. We also developed a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) modulatory axis to examine possible underlying molecular mechanisms.
Conclusion: We found AIM2, CASP5, and NLRP6, three hub genes for pyroptosis in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, by biological analysis, experimental validation, and clinical variable validation.