Data from: Investigating the effects of Pleistocene events on genetic divergence within Richardsonius balteatus, a widely distributed western North American minnow

Background: Biogeographers seek to understand the influences of global climate shifts and geologic changes to the landscape on the ecology and evolution of organisms. Across both longer and shorter timeframes, the western North American landscape has experienced dynamic transformations related to various geologic processes and climatic oscillations, including events as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~20 Ka) that have impacted the evolution of the North American biota. Redside shiner is a cyprinid species that is widely distributed throughout western North America. The species’ native range includes several well-documented Pleistocene refugia. Here we use mitochondrial DNA sequence data to assess phylogeography, and to test two biogeographic hypotheses regarding post-glacial colonization by redside shiner: 1) Redside shiner entered the Bonneville Basin at the time of the Bonneville Flood (Late Pleistocene; 14.5 Ka), and 2) redside shiner colonized British Columbia post-glacially from a single refugium in the Upper Columbia River drainage. Results: Genetic diversification in redside shiner began in the mid to late Pleistocene, but was not associated with LGM. Different clades of redside shiner were distributed in multiple glacial age refugia, and each clade retains a signature of population expansion, with clades having secondary contact in some areas. Conclusions: Divergence times between redside shiner populations in the Bonneville Basin and the Upper Snake/Columbia River drainage precedes the Bonneville Flood, thus it is unlikely that redside shiner invaded the Bonneville Basin during this flooding event. All but one British Columbia population of redside shiner are associated with the Upper Columbia River drainage with the lone exception being a population near the coast, suggesting that the province as a whole was colonized from multiple refugia, but the inland British Columbia redside shiner populations are affiliated with a refugium in the Upper Columbia River drainage.研究背景：生物地理学家旨在探究全球气候变化与地表地质变迁对生物生态学与演化的影响。无论时间尺度长短，北美西部地表均经历了与各类地质过程和气候振荡相关的动态演变，其中包括距今较近的末次冰盛期（Last Glacial Maximum, LGM；约20千年前）这类事件，它们均对北美生物群的演化产生了深远影响。红侧雅罗鱼（redside shiner）是广泛分布于北美西部的鲤科鱼类。该物种的原生分布区涵盖多个已被充分记载的更新世冰期避难所。本研究利用线粒体DNA序列数据开展红侧雅罗鱼的系统地理学分析，并检验两项关于红侧雅罗鱼冰期后殖民的生物地理学假说：其一，红侧雅罗鱼于邦纳维尔洪水（更新世晚期；14.5千年前）时期入侵邦纳维尔盆地；其二，红侧雅罗鱼从哥伦比亚河上游流域的单一避难所完成冰期后殖民，扩散至不列颠哥伦比亚省。研究结果：研究结果显示，红侧雅罗鱼的遗传分化始于更新世中晚期，但与末次冰盛期并无关联。红侧雅罗鱼的不同演化支分布于多个冰期避难所，且每个演化支均保留了种群扩张的遗传特征，部分区域存在演化支的二次接触现象。研究结论：研究结论表明，邦纳维尔盆地与上斯内克河/哥伦比亚河流域的红侧雅罗鱼种群间的分化时间早于邦纳维尔洪水事件，因此红侧雅罗鱼不太可能在此次洪水事件中入侵邦纳维尔盆地。不列颠哥伦比亚省的红侧雅罗鱼种群中，仅沿海附近的一个种群除外，其余所有种群均与哥伦比亚河上游流域相关联，这提示该省整体的红侧雅罗鱼种群来自多个避难所，但内陆的不列颠哥伦比亚省红侧雅罗鱼种群隶属于哥伦比亚河上游流域的避难所。